Biochemistry Flashcards
Buffer urine
Phosphate & ammonia (secondary)
Buffer blood
Bicarbonate & hemoglobin (CO2 buffering)
Buffer bone
Calcium carbonate
Buffer interstitial fluid
Bicarbonate
Buffer intracellular fluid
Protein & phosphate
ABG normal values
PH 7.35-7.45
pCO2 4.5-6
PO2 10-14
BE -2-+2
Base excess meaning
> +2 = metabolic alkalosis or respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation
<-2 = metabolic acidosis or respiratory alkalosis with respiratory compensation
When is HCG detected
8 days post-fertilization in blood and 10 days post-fertilization in urine
Mitochondria function
ATP production
Golgi Apparatus
Storing, packaging and modification of proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Protein assembly, folding & quality control
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Folding of proteins and transport in vesicles
Synthesis of lipids & Role in gluconeogensis via G6DP
Nucleus
Contains chromosomes and gene expression
Ribosome
Translation mRNA into protein
DNA Bases
purine bases are adenine and guanine
pyrimidines are thymine and cytosine
RNA bases
purine bases are adenine and guanine pyrimidines are uracil and cytosine
The following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right:
Increased temperature
Increased H+ (i.e. acidosis)
Increased 2,3 DPG
Increased pCO2
The following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the left:
Increasing pCO shifts the curve to the left
Decreased temperature
Decreased [H+] (alkolosis)
Decreased 2,3 DPG
What is Interphase?
G0 Resting Resting state
G1 Interphase Cells increase in size
S Interphase DNA replication
G2 Interphase Cells increase in size
M Mitosis Cells divide in subphases
Prophase
Chromatin condenses to chromosomes (paired as chromatids). Mitotic spindle forms
Metaphase
Chromatids align at the equatorial plane
Anaphase
Chromotids pulled apart into 2 constituent daughter chromosomes
Telophase
New nuclear envelopes form around each daughter chromosome
Cytokinesis
Cells divide