Anatomy Flashcards
The median umbilical ligament is the embryological remnant of what fetal structure?
Urachus
The medial umbilical ligament is the embryological remnant of what fetal structure?
Fetal umbilical arteries
The superficial inguinal ring is strengthened posteriorly by which structure?
Conjoint tendon (Falx inguinalis)
In women, the inguinal canal transmits the round ligament to the labia majora. Which nerve also traverses the inguinal canal, exiting via the superficial inguinal ring?
Ilioinguinal nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve has motor supply to which muscles?
Internal oblique and transverses abdominus, so strengthens conjoint tendon
A urinary catheter is vigorously inflated in the urethra at the time of caesarean section. Urine leaks from the rupture into which anatomical space?
Anterior abdominal wall and mons pubis
The inferior hypogastric plexus is an important plexus supplying the hind gut. The sympathetic components are derived from the superior hypogastric plexus. What are the three nerve root origins of the parasympathetic components?
The parasympathetic components are carried by branches from S2, S3 and S4, which are the pelvic splanchnic nerves.
Which three muscles form the superficial group of muscles of the perineum?
Bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscles and ischiocavernous
Sympathetic supply to the bladder is derived from which segments of the spinal cord?
L1/L2
The lower third of the vagina has lymphatic drainage to which lymphatic nodes?
- Created via canalization of ectodermal thickening
- Superficial inguinal nodes
Upper 2/3 vagina lymph drainage
External and internal iliac nodes
- Created from fusion of mesonephric ducts
A baby’s birth was complicated by shoulder dystocia and he was subsequently diagnosed with Erb’s palsy. Which component of the brachial plexus is most likely to be involved?
-C5/C6
- Pronation of forearm, internal rotation of shoulder, adduction of shoulder
A woman presents as an emergency with a painful lump in the vagina, and examination confirms that she has a Bartholin’s abscess. Which gland is involved?
Greater vestibular gland
If a woman sustains an ischaemic injury to the pelvic ureter, which artery supplying it has been occluded?
Superior or inferior vesicle
Abdominal ureter blood supply
Renal artery, ovarian artery and direct branches from aorta
What pelvic structure is lined by non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?
Vagina
Epithelium endocervix
Simple columnar (non-stratified)
Epithelium ectocervix
Stratified squamous, non-keratinized
Epithelium fallopian tubes
Simple columnar ciliated
Epithelium uterus
Simple columnar
Epithelium kidney
Simple cuboidal
Epithelium bladder/ureters
Transitional
Epithelium male urethra
Prostatic is transitional, membranous is stratified columnar, urethral opening is stratified squamous
A 28-year-old woman presents to the gynaecology clinic with a history of dysmenorrhoea, premenstrual pain and dyspareunia. Vaginal examination reveals a thickened nodule in the posterior fornix. Which anatomical structure is most likely to be affected?
Uterosacral ligament