biochemistry

Question 1

energy

Answer 1

capacity to do work

Question 2

kinetic energy

Answer 2

energy in action

Question 3

potential energy

Answer 3

energy of position (stored)

Question 4

chemical energy

Answer 4

bonds of chemical substance

Question 5

electrical energy

Answer 5

movement of charged particles

Question 6

mechanical energy

Answer 6

moving matter

Question 7

radiant/electromagnetic energy

Answer 7

traveling in waves (visible & UV lights, xrays)

Question 8

major elements of the body

Answer 8

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorous

Question 9

compound

Answer 9

formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together

Question 10

molecule

Answer 10

particle made up of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together

Question 11

mixture

Answer 11

easily separated

Question 12

solute

Answer 12

solid

Question 13

solvent

Answer 13

liquid

Question 14

exergonic

Answer 14

gives off energy in form of heat

Question 15

endergonic

Answer 15

heat enters reaction

Question 16

factors influencing reaction rate

Answer 16

temp, particle size, concentration, catalysts

Question 17

inorganic matter

Answer 17

water, salts, acids/bases

Question 18

organic matter

Answer 18

carbon, covalent bonded, often large

Question 19

properties of water

Answer 19

high heat capacity, high heat vaporization, polar solvent properties, reactivity, cushioning (around some body organs)

Question 20

buffers

Answer 20

systems that resist abrupt & large swings in pH of body fluids

Question 21

organic compounds

Answer 21

carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 22

carbs

Answer 22

contain C, H, O. function as source of cellular food.

ex.-glucose, fructose, glycogen, cellulose

Question 23

lipids

Answer 23

contain C, H, O. less than carbs

ex. neutral fats, phospholipids, steroids, eicosanoids (membrane proteins)

Question 24

amino acids

Answer 24

building blocks of proteins, contain amino and carboxyl group. NH2 and COOH

Question 25

protein

Answer 25

composed of combo of 20 types of amino acids bonded together with peptide bonds

Question 26

peptide bond

Answer 26

O double bonded to C bonded to N bonded to H

Question 27

fibrous proteins

Answer 27

extended & strandlike. | ex. keratin, elastin, collagen

Question 28

globular

Answer 28

compact & spherical with tertiary and quaternary structures. | ex. antibodies, hormones, enzymes

Question 29

protein denaturation

Answer 29

unfolding of proteins due to decreased pH and/or increased temp (fever). not reversible

Question 30

molecular chaperones

Answer 30

* help other proteins achieve 3D shape * maintain folding integrity * assist in translocation of protein across membranes * promote breakdown of damaged/denatured proteins

Question 31

enzymes

Answer 31

globular proteins that act as biological catalysts by lowering activation energy (end in -ase)

Question 32

two major classes of nucleic acid

Answer 32

DNA & RNA

Question 33

5 nitrogen bases contribute to nucleotide structure

Answer 33

``` (A) Adenine (G) Guanine (C) Cytosine (T) Thymine (U Uracil ```

Question 34

DNA

Answer 34

double stranded helical molecule

Question 35

Where is DNA found

Answer 35

in nucleus of cell

Question 36

What does DNA do

Answer 36

provides instruction for protein synthesis

Question 37

What is RNA

Answer 37

disposable copy of DNA. SIngle stranded molecule

Question 38

Where is RNA found

Answer 38

nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 39

What 3 types of RNA are there

Answer 39

- messenger - transfer - ribosomal

Question 40

What is ATP

Answer 40

Adenosine Triphosphate. source of immediately usable energy for the cell

Question 41

What does ATP become upon use of energy

Answer 41

ADP