Biochemical Rxns & Energetics Flashcards
In order of least to most oxidized what are the common oxidation states of carbon?
- Alkane
- Alcohol
- Aldehyde (ketone)
- Carboxylic Acid
- Carbon Dioxide
What are common types of group transfers and what enzymes perform them?
- Phosphorylation: Kinase
- Ubiquitination: Ubiquitin Ligase
- Acetylation: Acetyl Transferase
- Methylation: Methyl Transferase
- Hydroxylation: Hydroxylase
What are the 4 ways to transfer electrons?
- Direct electron transfer
- Hydrogen atom transfer
- Hydride ions
- Combination with oxygen
Define REDOX reactions
Paired reactions that move electrons to perform work
What are the 5 types of common biochemical reactions?
- Making and breaking carbon bonds
- Molecular Re-arrangements
- Free Radical reactions
- Group Transfers
- REDOX reactions
What are ways to make or break carbon bonds?
- Condensation
- Aldo
- Claine
- Decarboxylation/carboxylation
- Decarboxylation of Beta-Leto acid
What is a free radical?
A molecule containing unpaired electrons
What process in our body produces the free radical superoxide?
Dopamine Quinone formation
What enzyme in our body helps to break down superoxide and prevent potentially harmful affects of those free radicals?
Superoxide Dismutase
T/F Vitamin E has Antioxidant Functions
True
Why does the cell maintain a high ATP:ADP ratio?
It shifts the equilibrium which causes ATP breakdown to be more spontaneous (more negative Delta G) which makes it release more energy
What enzyme takes L-Malate to Oxaloacetate and what is produced?
Malate dehydrogenase
NADH
Delta G is 29.7 KJ/mol
