Biochemical Rxns

Question 1

What is Gibbs Free Energy equation?

Answer 1

/\G = /\H - T/_\S

Question 2

What does an enzyme do?

Answer 2

Reduces the amount of energy required for a reaction to occur

Question 3

What happens with a -/_\G?

Answer 3

Reaction moves forward (exergonic?)

Question 4

What happens with a +/_\G?

Answer 4

Reaction moves in reverse (endergonic?)

Question 5

1st Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 5

energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 6

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 6

entropy in the Universe will continue to increase (moves from order to disorder)

Question 7

What are the 5 types of biochemical rxns?

Answer 7

1) making and breaking carbon bonds
2) molecular re-arrangements
3) free radical rxn’s
4) functional group transfers,
5) reduction and oxidation (REDOX) rxn’s

Question 8

group transfers

Answer 8

Common Group Transfers:

phosphorylation: kinase
ubiquitination: ubiquitin ligase
acetylation: acetyltransferase
methylation: methyltransferase
hydroxylation: hydroxylase

these transfers can produce energy (usually comes from transfer of phosphate group)

Question 9

nucleophile

Answer 9

negatively charged molecule that will react with a positively charged molecule

Question 10

free radical reactions

Answer 10

molecule containing unpaired electron

• destabilize proteins and FA’s
• ex superoxide

Vit E (antioxidants) fight free radicals

Question 11

REDOX rxn’s

Answer 11

paired reactions that move electrons to perform work

Question 12

making and breaking carbon bonds

Answer 12

1)condensation and 2)carboxylation/decarboxylation

Aldol Condensation

Claisen Ester condensation

Decarboxylation of a B-keto acid

Question 13

Reduction

Answer 13

loading a molecule with electrons

requires energy (increase /_\G)

Question 14

Oxidation

Answer 14

removing electrons from a molecules

releases energy ( -/_\G )

Question 15

What are the four ways to transfer electrons in REDOX reactions?

Answer 15

1) Direct Electron Transfer
2) Hydrogen Atom Transfer
3) Hydride Ions
4) Combination with Oxygen

Question 16

Common Carbon Oxidation States

Answer 16

Alkane
Alcohol
Aldehyde (ketone)
Carboxylic Acid
Carbon dioxide

Question 17

What are the most energy rich molecules in the body for storage?

Answer 17

Saturated FA’s (ex Stearic Acid)

the molecule w/ most electrons and reduced carbons