Biochemical Aspects of Nutrition Flashcards
Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults Between 1985 and 2015
Definitions:
• Obesity: Body Mass Index (BMI) of _____ or higher.
• Body Mass Index (BMI): A measure of an adult’s weight in relation to his or her height, specifically the adult’s weight in kilograms divided by the _____ of his or her height in meters.
30
square
Dietary Fuels: _____, _____, _____
carbohydrates
proteins
fats
Caloric Content of Fuels
Carbs: _____
Fat: _____
Protein: _____
Alcohol: _____
4 kcal/g
9 kcal/g
4 kcal/g
7 kcal/g
Fewer oxygens > as you break down you collect more _____
In general, the more oxygens you have the _____ amount of enegry
more
lower
Resting metabolic rate:
Energy required to maintain _____, this includes, functioning of kidneys, lungs, brain, pumping of heart, maintenance of ionic gradients, biosynthetic pathways, etc.
RMR decreases as you get _____; it’s also lower for _____ than it is vs _____
RMR is higher for _____ women
life older women men pregnant
Calculating RMR is based on _____ and _____
Estimated RMR= 24.6kcal/kg/day X weight (_____)= kcal/day
age
gender
kg
Immediately following exercise, RMR _____
Once _____ increases will the RMR increase
doesn’t change
lean muscle
Carbohydrate Intake
Carbohydrates comprise _____ of our dietary intake of calories.
40-45%
Why are some carbs good and some bad?
_____ –Indication of how rapidly blood glucose levels rise after consumption of certain foods.
glycemic index
Good carbs: \_\_\_\_\_ structure digest \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ energy \_\_\_\_\_ fiber full \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ source carbs used for \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ glycemic index
Bad carbs are the OPPOSITE (carbs converted to fat)
complex slowly prolong high longer natural fuel low
Recommendations and Realities
AHA recommendation for children
• NO more than _____ teaspoons daily of added sugar.
6tsps=100cal=25 grams
- AHA recommendation for adults- _____ teaspoons for men; _____ teaspoons for women
- WHO-less than _____ of total daily calories for normal BMI that is approx. 25g or 6tsps of sugar
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion- added sugar make up less than _____ of daily calories
6 teaspoons 9 6 5% 10%
Protein Consumption
RDA is _____ g of “high quality” protein per _____ of body weight.
0.8
kg
Alcohol- Ethanol Metabolism
Ethanol is _____ to CO2 and H20 in the body and yields about _____ kcal/g – which is more than carbs and proteins but less than fat.
Chronic Alcohol consumption inhibits _____
oxidized
7
normal metabolic pathways
Intake of lipids and lipid soluble compounds
• Between _____ of dietary intake is composed of fats.- avg. person in US
- Most take the form of _____, to a lesser extent cholesterol and phospholipids.
- Also included in this group are the fat soluble vitamins; _____, _____, _____ and _____.
- Suggested by USDA
- Consume less than _____ of calories from saturated fatty acids and less than _____ of cholesterol, and keep _____ consumption as low as possible.
• Keep total fat intake between _____ percent of calories, with most fats coming from sources of _____ and _____ fatty acids, such as fish, nuts, and vegetable oils.
30-40% TAG A, D, K, E 10% 300mg/day trans FA 20-35% PUFA MUFA
Fuel Metabolism
Fuels are oxidized to _____ and _____, energy is released by transfer of electrons to _____. The energy from the oxidation process generates _____ and _____.
CO2 -travels to lungs- expired.
H20 –excreted mostly in urine and sweat Heat- maintains body temperature
ATP- used for energy consuming processes
CO2 H2O O2 heat ATP
