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Foundational Sciences I-II > Bioactive Lipids (III) > Flashcards

Bioactive Lipids (III) Flashcards

1
Q 
Bioactive Lipid Mediators
\_\_\_\_ 
\_\_\_\_ 
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
A

Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain

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2
Q

Bioactive Lipids
– Bioactive mediators possess both ____ and ____ properties.
– Bioactive lipids are formed from a series of reactions in which ____ is added to the acyl chain.
– The acyl chains are derived from ____ (20:4), ____ (20:5) or ____ (22:6).

A 
pro
anti inflammatory
molecular oxygen (O2)
AA
EPA
DHA
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3
Q

Arachidonic Acid Metabolism
• Major points:
– Arachidonic acid, the parent compound to the ____ can be synthesized from essential FA ____ (details in FA synthesis lecture, slide 29).

– Eicosanoids are formed from a series of reactions in which ____ is added to arachidonate.

– The resulting biological signaling molecules act as potent short range messengers. ____ and ____ signals

– The physiological response is often an indication of the ____ of these mediators.

A

eicosanoids
linoleate

molecular oxygen (O2)

autocrine
paracrine

ratio

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4
Q

The Eicosanoids (eicosa-20 in greek, synthesized from AA)

• Prostaglandins- 20C compounds, with a ____ internal ring. Biologically active- ____ at C15 and ____ C13-14.

  • Thromboxanes-20C compounds with a ____ ring containing an ____ between C9 and 11.
  • Leukotrienes- 20C compounds with ____ ring structure and insertion of ____ (to form OH) a C 5, 12 or 15.
A

5C
OH
double bond

5C
oxygen

no
oxygen

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5
Q

Arachidonic Acid Release Upon Stimulation
Phospholipase A2 activity (inhibited by ____)
Phospholipase C and DAG lipase activity

A

glucocorticoids

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6
Q

The first step in the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes is ____ the remainder are ____.
____ is the common intermediate

A

common (ubiquitous)
tissue specific
PGH2

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7
Q

____ secretes Prostacylcin, a potent ____. This is a ____ signal

Platelets upon activation secrete an ____ signal in the form of
____ to initiate aggregatory stimulus

A

vascular endothelium
anti-aggregatory compound
paracrine

autocrine
TXA2

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8
Q

COX 1: Inhibition by aspirin is- ____
COX2: Inhibition by NSAIDS is ____
• COX-1, ____ active, responsible for ____ activities.
• COX-2, ____, “as needed” ____ levels increased in inflamed tissue, is generated in response to ____

A 
irreversible
reversible
constitutively
"housekeeping"
inducible
mRNA
inflammation
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9
Q

Most Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes signal through ____

A

GPCR

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10
Q

Cyclo-oxygenase -COX

Characteristics: ____, Homodimer, ____, ____- containing enzyme

A

glycosylated
membrane bound
heme

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11
Q

Leukotrienes
• Least well ____ of the eicosanoids.
• Most unstable of the eicosanoids have a T1/2 of less than ____ secs

A

characterized

30

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12
Q

Omega fatty acids

 The omega fatty acids are derived from the ____ and are provided by the ____ in foods such as fish and plant oils

A

essential FA

diet

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13
Q

Bioactive lipids derived from EPA and DHA acid

• Resolution of ____ is an active process utilizing eicosanoids, lipoxins, resolvins and protectins.
• Preferentially use ____
• These are ____
resolving compounds. Double hit.
• Responsible for protection against ____ or resolution of inflammatory response

A

acute inflammation
omega-3 PUFA
anti-inflammatory - pro-resolving compounds
oxidative stress

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14
Q 
The Protectins
• Derived from \_\_\_\_ (22:6)
• Have a conjugated \_\_\_\_ double bond
• Synthesized in a \_\_\_\_ mediated pathway
• Protects numerous cells from \_\_\_\_.
A

DHA
triene
lipoxygenase
oxidative stress

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15
Q

Inflammation
Protective response against harmful stimuli including pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc) and injury (trauma, chemical, UV, etc)

Involves ____ and other immune components such as ____

Stimulates ____ to wounding to initiate healing

Causes damage when not properly ____

A

leukocytes
complement
early response
regulated

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16
Q

Synthesis of Resolvins

First step of resolvin synthesis requires an acetylated ____ enzyme.

A

acetylated COX-2

17
Q 
Periodontal Disease and Resolvins I

Gingivitis (\_\_\_\_ of gingiva)
Periodontitis (loss of \_\_\_\_)
- Loss of connective tissue attachment between tooth and gingiva
- Loss of bone supporting the tooth
• Initiated by bacteria
• Damage is caused by the \_\_\_\_ to bacteria (not \_\_\_\_ by
bacteria)
• Several bacteria have been proposed to
contribute to periodontal disease. 
• Two putative pathogens
• \_\_\_\_ - \_\_\_\_ pathogen
• \_\_\_\_
A 
inflammation
supporting structure
inflammatory response
directly
P. gingivalis (Pg) Keystone
A. Actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)
18
Q

Periodontal Disease and Resolvins II

Disease induced in rabbit model

Resolution of Inflammation is mediated by bioactive lipids derived from EPA or DHA called ____.

Topical application of ____ analog restored lost soft tissue and bone to healthy levels

A

resolvins

RvE1

19
Q

Osteoclast density and inflammatory cell infiltration in the RvE1 groups were ____ than those in the placebo group.

RvE1 treatment ____ expression of inflammation-related genes, returning the expression profile to one more similar to health.

Treatment of established periodontitis with RvE1 ____ bone loss, ____ inflammatory gene expression, and ____ osteoclast density.

A

lower

reduced

reversed
reversed
reduced

20
Q

Anecdotally based on patient history there was a perceived correlation between increase dietary intake of ____ and decreased ____.

However, present study findings largely support benefits of ____ through non- bacteriologic pathways.- might help host- cell -resolvins

A

DHA
periodontal disease
n-3s

21
Q

Take Home Lessons
• Arachidonic acid is supplied in ____ and serves as a precursor for ____. Eicosanoids are a family of ____ involved in both normal and patho-physiological responses.

• EPA and DHA serve as precursors for the ____ and the ____. The synthesis of these compounds requires ____

A

membrane lipids
eicosanoids
inflammatory mediators

resolvins
protectins
acetylated COX2

Foundational Sciences I-II (14 decks)

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