Biochem4

Question 1

What is found in the promoter region?

Answer 1

AT-rich upstream sequence with TATA and CAAT boxes

RNA polymerase & other transcription factors

Question 2

What are the RNA polymerases in Eurkaryotes and what is their functions?

Answer 2

RNA Pol I - makes rRNA
RNA Pol II - makes mRNA
RNA Pol III - makes tRNA

Question 3

Which RNA Polymerase opens DNA at promoter site?

Answer 3

RNA Pol II

Question 4

What inhibits RNA polymerase II and what does it cause?

Answer 4

alpha-amanitin, found in Death Cap Mushrooms

Causes severe Hepatotoxicity

Question 5

T/F - Prokaryotes have 1 RNA polymerase that makes all 3 kinds of RNA.

Answer 5

True, it is a multisubunit complex

Question 6

hnRNA destined for translations is called what?

Answer 6

pre-mRNA

Question 7

Where and when does RNA processing occur?

Answer 7

In the nucleus. After transcription

Question 8

What is the only RNA that is transported out of the nucleus?

Answer 8

processed RNA

Question 9

What are the 3 steps in RNA processing?

Answer 9

1 - Capping on 5’ end
2 - Polyadenylation on 3’ end (~ 200 A’s)
3 - Splicing out of Introns

Question 10

What is a capped, tailed, and spliced transcript called?

Answer 10

mRNA

Question 11

What contains the actual genetic information coding for protein?

Answer 11

Exons

EXons EXit and are EXpressed

Question 12

What are the noncoding segments of DNA?

Answer 12

Introns

INtrons are INtervening sequences and stay IN the nucleus

Question 13

Beta-thalassemia mutations are examples of what?

Answer 13

Alternative splicing

Question 14

What is alternative splicing?

Answer 14

Different exons can be combined to make unique proteins in different tissues