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Biochem Protein Metabolism Flashcards

0
Q

Name that amino acid

Basic amino acids

A

“HAL”

Histidine
Arginine
Lysine

  • weak base
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1
Q

Name that amino acid

Acidic amino acids

A

Aspartate and Glutamate

  • negative at physiologic pH
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2
Q

Name that amino acid

Smallest side chain

A

Glycine

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3
Q

Name that amino acid

Largest side chain

A

tWiptophan

  • double v = double ring
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4
Q

Name that amino acid

Causes kinks in collagen

A

Proline

  • IMIno acid, not an amino acid!!!
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5
Q

Name that amino acid

Plays a role in oxygen binding to hemoglobin and myoglobin

A

Histidine

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6
Q

Name that amino acid

Transfer of methyl groups as SAM

A

Methionine

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7
Q

Name that amino acid

Diagnosis of folic acid deficiency

A

Histidine

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8
Q

Nutrially essential amino acid

A

PVT TIM HALL

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9
Q

Name that amino acid

HemoGLobin synthesis

A

GLycine

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10
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of Niacin

A

TWiptophan (B6)

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11
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of nitric acid

A

Arginine

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12
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of melanin

A

Tyrosine

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13
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of catecholamines

A

Tyrosine

Catecholamines: Dopamine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

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14
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of melatonin

A

TWiptophan

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15
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of GABA

A

Glutamate

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16
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of histamine

A

Histidine

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17
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of thyroid hormones

A

Tyrosine

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18
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of tyrosine

A

Phenylalanine

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19
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of glutathione

A

Glutamate

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20
Q

Name that amino acid

Precursor of homocysteine

A

Methionine –> Homocysteine –> Cystine

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21
Q

Level of protein structure?

Beta pleated sheet

A

Secondary structure

  • forms helix
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22
Q

Level of protein structure?

Sequence of amino acids

A

Primary structure

  • peptide bond
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23
Q

Level of protein structure?

Determine whether protein is globular or fibrous

A

Tertiary structure

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24
Level of protein structure? More than one polypeptide
Quarternary structure
25
Level of protein structure? Edman's reagent
Primary structure -Used for sequencing
26
Level of protein structure? Domains
Tertiary structure - determines FUNCTION!!! - domains determine fundamental functional and three dimensional structure, formed by combination of motifs - held together by disulfide/hydrophobic/hydrogen/ionic bonds
27
Level of protein structure? Domain
Secondary structure sin function - secondary structure : hydrogen bond
28
Level of protein structure? Hemoglobin
Quarternary structure - non covalent bonds
29
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin? Contains heme
Both
30
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin? Fibrous protein
Neither
31
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin? Only exhibits tertiary structure
Myoglobin
32
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin? Found in heart and skeletal muscle
Myoglobin
33
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin? Binds four molecules of oxygen at a time
Hemoglobin
34
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin? Binding of oxygen is affected by changes in pH and CO2 concentration
Hemoglobin
35
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin? Reservoir of oxygen
Myoglobin
36
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin? Exists in taut and relaxed form
Hemoglobin
37
Hemoglobin or Myoglobin? Sigmoidal oxygen dissociation curve
Hemoglobin Note: myogbin with Hyperbolic curve ( hordes oxygen)
38
Identify the hemoglobin Most abundant form in adults
Hemoglobin A - 2 alpha 2 beta
39
Identify the hemoglobin Hemoglobin bound to 4 oxygen molecules
R form (Relaxed)
40
Identify the hemoglobin Hemoglobin without any oxygen molecule bound to it
Taut form "Crossed arms not carrying any oxygen"
41
Identify the hemoglobin Non-enzymatic addition of glucose to hemoglobin, used to determine level of control of diabetes mellitus
HBA1C Normal: 6.5 Target in DM: < 7%
42
Identify the hemoglobin Oxidation of the heme component of hemoglobin to Fe3+, which cannot bind oxygen
Methemoglobin - O2 saturation 85% - Chocolate colored blood
43
Identify the hemoglobin Carbon monoxide binds tightly but reversibly to the hemoglobin iron
Carboxyhemoglobin - cherry pink - O2 saturation : 100%
44
Identify the hemoglobin Carbon dioxide bound to hemoglobin for transport in the blood
Carbaminohemoglobin
45
Identify the hemoglobin Tetramer consisting of 2 alpha chains and 2 gamma chains
Fatal hemoglobin
46
Identify the hemoglobin Gamma tetramer in the newborn
Hemoglobin Barts
47
Collagen types Most common?
Type 1 - bone, late wound repair/kelloid
48
Collagen types Basement membrane
Type IV
49
Collagen types Granulation tissues
Type 3 - threticulate, early repair
50
Collagen types Ridiculing, Blood vessels
Type III
51
Collagen types Nucleus pulposus, vitreous body
Type II - also carTWOlage - pliant, flexible
52
Collagen types Tendon, fascia
Type 1 - bONE
53
Positive or Negative nitrogen balance Pregnancy
Positive nitrogen balance
54
Positive or Negative nitrogen balance Malignancy
Negative nitrogen balance
55
Give 3 compound in which organisms excrete nitrogen
Ammonia Uric acid Urea
56
Through this enzyme, amino acids transfer their amino acids to glutamate
Aminotransferases - addition of ammonia
57
Through this enzyme, glutamate is oxidatively deaminated to liberate free ammonia
Glutamate dehydrogenase - glutamate is basurero. G for garbage man:)
58
Enzyme used: glutamine is deaminated to glutamate in kidneys and intestines
Glutaminase
59
Enzyme used: glutamine is synthesized from glutamate and ammonia
Glutamate synthase
60
Which 3 compounds are the immediate donors of the atoms of urea?
1 carbon dioxide From glutamate: 2 Free ammonia 3 Aspartate
61
Transamination of alanine
Pyruvate
62
Transamination of glutamate
Alpha ketoglutarate
63
Transamination of aspartate
Oxaloacetate
64
Amino acids that are purely ketogenic
Lysine Leucine P * both Ketogenic and Glucogenic V T T * both Ketogenic and Glucogenic I * both Ketogenic and Glucogenic M H A L Ketogenic L Ketogenic
65
Both Glucogenic and Ketogenic
FYI doble V F phenylalanine Y tyrosine I isoleucine Doble V (W) Tryptophan
66
Identify the glycosaminoglycan Important coagulant
Heparin
67
Identify the glycosaminoglycan Attracts water in to the ECM
Hyalorunic acid
68
Identify the glycosaminoglycan Determines charge selectiveness of renal glomerulus
Heparin sulfate
69
Identify the glycosaminoglycan Located at sites of calcification of endochondral bone
Chondroitin sulfate
70
Identify the glycoproteins Lubricant and protective agent
Mucin
71
Identify the glycoproteins Transport molecules
Tansferrin | Ceruloplasmin
72
Identify the glycoproteins Immunologic molecules
Immunoglobulins
73
Identify the glycoproteins Oligosaccharide in blood type A
N acetyl galactosamine
74
Identify the glycoproteins Oligosaccharide in blood type B
Galactose

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