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Biochem Basics Flashcards

0
Q

Any substance that resists a change in pH when protons are produced or consumed

A

Buffer

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1
Q

Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration

A

pH

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2
Q

Chemical compound that has total net charge of zero

A

Zwitterion

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3
Q

pH at which the zwitterion is the predominant form of the chemical compound

A

Isoelectric pH

(pK before + pK after) / 2

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4
Q

Bond between a water molecule and another polar compound

A

Hydrogen bond

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5
Q

Bond between glucose and galactose in lactose

A

Glycosidic bond

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6
Q

Primary bond of glucosyl residues in glycogen

A

Alpha (1->4) glycosidic bind

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7
Q

Branching bond of glucosyl residues in glycogen

A

Alpha (1->6) glycosidic bond

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8
Q

Bond between glycerol and its fatty acid

A

Ester bonds

Dissolved by lipase

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9
Q

Bond between serine and alanine in a protein

A

Peptide bond

  • it’s a partial double bond
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10
Q

Bond between two cysteine residues in cystine

A

Disulfide bond

  • also bond in immunoglobulins
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11
Q

Bond between ribose and adenine in adenosine monophosphate

A

Beta N glycosidic bond

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12
Q

Bond between nucleotides on a DNA strand

A

Phosphodiester bond

-dissolved by phosphodiesterase

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13
Q

Bond between C-G and A-T

A

A-T. 2 hydrogen bonds

C-T. 3 hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

Equation used to calculate the concentration of a weak acid and its conjugate base

A

Henderson hasselbach equation

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15
Q

Equation describes how reaction velocity varies with substrate concentration

A

Michaelis-Menten

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16
Q

This is a double reciprocal plot used to calculate Km and Vmax, as well as to determine the mechanism of action of enzyme inhibitors

A

Lineweaver Burke plot

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17
Q

Explains how the free energy generated by the transport electrons through the ETC is used produce ATP from ADP+Pi

A

Mitchell Chemiosmosmotic Hypothesis

Explains oxidative phosphorylation

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18
Q

Accepts H+

A

Base

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19
Q

Donates protons

A

Acid

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20
Q

pKa below 7

21
Q

pKa above 7

22
Q

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

Glycogen

A

Carbohydrate

23
Q

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

cAMP

A

Nucleic acid

24
Q

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

Collagen

25
Q

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

Palmitate

26
Q

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

Inosine Monophosphate

A

Nucleic acid

  • it’s the parent protein
27
Q

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

Sorbitol from glucose reduction

A

Carbohydrate

28
Q

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

Vitamin A

29
Q

Carbohydrate, Protein, Lipid or Nucleic Acid?

Insulin

30
Q

Substrate concentration at which the reaction velocity is equal to 1/2 Vmax

A

Michaelis constant

31
Q

Maximal velocity of an enzyme catalyzed reaction

32
Q

The structure of the inhibitor resemblance the substrate

A

Competitive inhibition

33
Q

Vmax is lowered by

A

Non competitive inhibitor

34
Q

KM is not modified by the presence of

A

Non competitive inhibitor

35
Q

Affinity of enzyme to the substrate is decreased by the presence of

A

Competitive inhibitor

36
Q

The inhibitor and the substrate bind at different sites on the enzyme

A

Non competitive inhibition

37
Q

Malathion’s (organophosphate) effect on acetylcholinesterase

A

Non competitive inhibition

38
Q

Simvastatin’s effect on HMG-CoA reductase

A

Competitive inhibition

39
Q

What is the formula for standard free energy

A

delta G = delta H - T delta S

40
Q

Measure of energy available to do work

A

delta G or Gibbs free energy

41
Q

Measure of randomness

A

delta S or entRopy

42
Q

Measure of heat released or absorbed during a reaction

A

entHalpy

Heat absorbed : endergonic : positive G
Heat released: exergonic : negative G

43
Q

Free energy change under standard conditions

A

Standard free energy

Or

delta G *

44
Q

Two ways in which your cells produce ATP

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

Substrate level phosphorylation

45
Q

Endergonic reaction

A

Positive G- heat is absorbed

46
Q

Energy of the products is less than the energy of the reactants

A

Negative G

47
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Releases energy

48
Q

Spontaneous reaction

A

Negative G

49
Q

Rate of formation of products is the same as the rate of formation of the reactants

A

delta G is 0

Equilibrium

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