Biochem part 4 Lipids

Question 1

Type of bond that is characteristic of fats

Answer 1

Ester bonds

Question 2

Fatty acids are composed of a (polar/ nonpolar) hydrocarbon tail and a (polar / non polar) carboxylic acid head

Answer 2

non polar tail

polar head

Question 3

Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds which (increase / decrease) the melting temperature

Answer 3

Decrease the melting temperature

Question 4

Naturally occurring double bonds exist in the ( cis / trans) configuration

Answer 4

Cis-

Question 5

Hydrogenation of fatty acids (increases / decreases) the melting point

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

To generate an unsaturated fat from a saturated fat, it would use a/n (Reduction / Oxidation) reaction

Answer 6

Oxidation
-losing electrons/hydrogens
“OIL”

Question 7

the 3 essential fatty acids

Answer 7

Linoleic (omega 6)
Linolenic (omega 3)
Arachidonic (omega 6)

Question 8

the number on the Omega; ex. omega 3, 6, 9 tells you what about the double bond

Answer 8

where the first double bond occurs

Question 9

t/f Coconut oil is the “most saturated”

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Which would have a higher chance of going rancid PUFAs or MUFAs

Answer 10

PUFA
the more unsaturated = greater chance of rancid
-more double bonds

Question 11

of carbons in Lauric acid

Answer 11

12

Question 12

of carbons in Myristic acid

Answer 12

14

Question 13

of carbons in Palmitic acid

Answer 13

16

Question 14

of carbons in Stearic acid

Answer 14

18

Question 15

of carbons in Oleic, Linoleic, and Linolenic acid

Answer 15

18

• difference is number of double bonds
• 1, 2, 3 double bonds respectively

Question 16

of carbons in Arachadonic acid

Answer 16

20

4 double bonds

Question 17

Every 2 carbons in get ____ acetyl-CoA’s

Answer 17

1 acetyl CoA

Question 18

Phospholipids contain ____#___ fatty acids and a polar head group

Answer 18

2 fatty acids

Question 19

2 main classes of non glycerol lipids

Answer 19

Sphingolipids

Steroids

Question 20

The major lipid component of myelin sheath (white matter)

Answer 20

Sphingomyelin

Question 21

Most abundant sterol in humans

Answer 21

Cholesterol

Question 22

Cholesterol is derived from ______

Answer 22

Acetyl CoA

-think B5 pantothenic acid

Question 23

Rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis

Answer 23

HMG CoA reductase

-inhibited by increased levels of cholesterol

Question 24

HMG CoA reductase converts HMG CoA —-> ________

Answer 24

mevalonate

Question 25

Rate limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis

Answer 25

Desmolase - converts cholesterol ---> pregnenolone - pregnenolone ---> progesterone - progesterone ---> all other steroid hormones

Question 26

Rate limiting enzyme of Ketone body synthesis

Answer 26

HMG CoA Synthase

Question 27

Chylomicrons are produced and secreted by what cells

Answer 27

Intestinal mucosal cells

Question 28

Chylomicrons are produced in response to the dietary intake of ______

Answer 28

Fats | -fats are absorbed and repackaged as chylomicrons

Question 29

Where do chylomicrons take triacyglycerides

Answer 29

to peripheral tissues from intestines

Question 30

VLDLs are synthesized and secreted from the ____

Answer 30

liver

Question 31

VLDL transport (exogenous/endogenous) triacylglycerides to peripheral tissues

Answer 31

``` Endogenous TAGs (from liver) ```

Question 32

LDL is derived from ____ and transport cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues

Answer 32

VLDL

Question 33

Which contains the greatest amount of cholesterol; VLDL, LDL, HDL, Chylomicrons

Answer 33

LDL

Question 34

Which Lipoprotein transports cholesterol from peripheral tissues BACK to the liver

Answer 34

HDL

Question 35

Enzyme required for the uptake of triglycerides that are carried by VLDL and chylomicrons

Answer 35

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 36

Least dense lipoprotein

Answer 36

Chylomicron

Question 37

The formation of deoxyribose from ribose is what type of reaction (oxidation or reduction)

Answer 37

Reduction -Gained a hydrogen RIG

Question 38

Rate limiting enzyme of purine breakdown

Answer 38

Xanthine oxidase

Question 39

DNA replication occurs during the ___ phase of the cell cycle

Answer 39

S phase

Question 40

DNA replication occurs in the _____ of the cell

Answer 40

nucleus