Biochem part 3 Carbs

Question 1

Monosaccharides are categorized into two groups:

Answer 1

Ketone and Aldehyde

Question 2

in monosaccharides, the ______ group is always on carbon 1

Answer 2

Aldehyde

Question 3

in monosaccharides, the ______ group is always on carbon 2

Answer 3

Ketone

Question 4

Glucose, Galactose, and Mannose are all examples of ______

Answer 4

aldohexose

Question 5

Ribose is an aldo_____

Answer 5

aldopentose

Question 6

Fructose is a ____hexose

Answer 6

ketohexose

Question 7

what is a reducing sugar

Answer 7

any sugar that has an aldehyde group OR can form one in solution (usually a disaccharide)

Question 8

t/f fructose is an example of a reducing sugar

Answer 8

FALSE

KETOhexose

Question 9

Different compounds with the same chemical formula (different configurations)

Answer 9

isomer

Question 10

monosaccharides which differ in their configuration around one specific carbon.

Answer 10

Epimer
Glucose and Galactose are C-4 epimers
Glucose and Mannose are C-2 epimers

Question 11

Mirror images of the same compound; L or D glucose

Answer 11

Enantiomers

Question 12

Anomeric carbons are formed when sugars cyclize; for an aldehyde the anomeric carbon is C-___

Answer 12

C-1

aldeyhde group always carbon 1

Question 13

Lactose is made of which 2 monosaccharides, and which bonds

Answer 13

Glucose and Galactose (beta 1,4)

-Lactase can break these bonds

Question 14

Maltose is made of which 2 monosaccharides, and which bonds

Answer 14

Glucose and Glucose (alpha 1,4)

Question 15

Isomaltose is made of which 2 monosaccharides, and which bonds

Answer 15

Glucose and Glucose (alpha 1,6)

Question 16

Cellobiose is made of which 2 monosaccharidse, and which bonds

Answer 16

Glucose and Glucose (beta 1.4)
- humans do not contain the enzyme need to break these beta 1,4 bonds. We do have lactase to break b1,4 bonds in lactose.

Question 17

Amylopectin breaks into which 2 disaccharides

Answer 17

Maltose and Isomaltose

Question 18

Glycogen contains what types of bonds

Answer 18

alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6

Question 19

Glycogen is the most highly branched polysaccharide, what is the branch point

Answer 19

alpha 1,6 linkages

Question 20

Cellulose contains what types of bonds

Answer 20

beta 1,4

- do NOT contain cellulase to break these bonds

Question 21

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) aka

Answer 21

mucopolysaccharides

Question 22

The major structural characteristic of GAGs is a repeating _____ unit

Answer 22

disaccharide unit (protein-sugar molecules)

Question 23

2 most common GAGs

Answer 23

Hyaluronic acid (synovial fluid)
Chondroitin sulfate (cartilage, tendons, ligs)

Question 24

GAGs are large (positive/negative) charged heteropolysaccharides which bind large amounts of _____

Answer 24

negative; water

Question 25

Amylopectin is a homolog of ____

Answer 25

glycogen

Question 26

alpha-amylase breaks amylose into _____

Answer 26

maltose

Question 27

Amylopectin contains which types of bonds

Answer 27

alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6

-in plants