Biochem part 1

Question 1

All 20 amino acids are in the L-form except for _____

Answer 1

Glycine

Question 2

All 20 amino acids contain a chiral carbon except for ____

Answer 2

Glycine

-NOT in L-form

Question 3

2 purely ketogenic Amino Acids

Answer 3

Leucine
Lysine
(lindsay lohan- NOT used for gluconeogenesis)

Question 4

3 Aromatic AA’s

-How many of these are essential?

Answer 4

Phenylalanine - essential
Tyrosine
Tryptophan - essential

Question 5

4 sulfur containing AA’s

Answer 5

Cysteine
Cystine
Methionine - essential
Taurine

Question 6

branched chain AA’s

Answer 6

Leucine
Isoleucine
Valine

Question 7

Disease in which one cannot break down BCAA’s

Answer 7

Maple syrup urine disease

Question 8

2 Acidic AA’s

Answer 8

Aspartic acid (aspartate)
Glutamic acid (glutamate)

Question 9

3 Basic AA’s

Answer 9

Histidine
Lysine
Arginine

Question 10

AA’s which have the greatest positive net charge at normal pH of blood are considered (acidic/basic)

Answer 10

Basic

Question 11

Wheat and rice’s limiting AA

Answer 11

neither contain Lysine

Question 12

Pulses/Lentils limiting AA

Answer 12

Methionine

Question 13

Corn’s limiting AA

Answer 13

Lysine and Tryptophan

Question 14

Tyrosine is derived from which AA

Answer 14

Phenylalanine

Question 15

Catecholamines (Epi and NE) are derived from which AA

Answer 15

Tyrosine —>L-dopa —-> dopamine—NE and Epi

Question 16

T3 and T4 are derived from which AA

Answer 16

Tyrosine

Question 17

Melatonin and Nicotinamide are derived from which AA

Answer 17

Tryptophan

Question 18

what is a Zwitter ion

Answer 18

when an AA is at its isoelectric point (no net electrical charge)

Question 19

Cofactor for glutathione peroxidase

Answer 19

Selenium

Question 20

Tripeptide of Glycine + Glutamate + Cysteine = ______

Answer 20

Glutathione

Question 21

2 DNA strands together by hydrogen bonds is an example of (1,2,3, or 4) protein structure

Answer 21

Secondary

alpha helices and beta pleated sheets

Question 22

Classic example of a Tertiary protein structure

Answer 22

Myoglobin

-disulfide bonds

Question 23

Tertiary protein structures contain which type of bonds

Answer 23

Disulfide bonds

-myoglobin

Question 24

Classic example of Quaternary protein structure

Answer 24

Hemoglobin

• hydrogen and disulfide bonds
• Insulin, Antibodies

Question 25

Bond type found in Quaternary protein structures

Answer 25

Hydrogen AND Disulfide bonds

Question 26

A low Km will equal a (high or low) enzyme affinity

Answer 26

High affinity

-Inverse relationship

Question 27

Enzymes increase the rate of the reaction by lowering the _________

Answer 27

activation energy

Question 28

3 major factors that affect the reaction velocity of an enzyme

Answer 28

Substrate concentration
Temp.
pH

Question 29

what is the Km

Answer 29

amount of substrate required to reach 1/2 Vmax

Question 30

Noncompetitive inhibitors will have what effect on the Km

Answer 30

No change in Km

Question 31

Competitive inhibitors will have what effect on the Km

Answer 31

Increase the Km

Question 32

(Competitive or Noncompetitive) inhibitors will decrease the Vmax

Answer 32

Noncompetitive

Question 33

a + Gibbs free energy means that a reaction is (favorable, equilibrium, or unfavorable)

Answer 33

Unfavorable
-non spontaneous
-requires energy/heat
(<1 Keq)