Biochem Final Study Guide Flashcards
Polar lipids constitute one of the two broad categories of lipids. Name the other category.
Polar lipids & neutral lipids
Name the functional group where carbon 1 of a fatty acid is found
Carbon 1 of a fatty acid is found at carboxyl carbon
Typically unsaturated fatty acids have cis double bonds and fatty acids in general have an ____ number of carbons.
Fatty acids in general have an even number of carbons
Does the melting temperature of fatty acids increase or decrease as fatty acid chain length decreases?
As fatty acid chain length decreases, the melting temp also decreases
Does the melting temp of fatty acids increase or decrease as the number of double bonds decreases?
As number of double bonds decrease, the melting point increases.
Eicosanoids are formed when this fatty acid is oxidized and cyclized
Eicosonoids are formed when FA arachidonic acid (20:4) is oxidized and cyclized
Name the precursor of polyprenyl lipids
Polyprenyl lipid precursor is isoprene (learn structure)
How many carbons are in the polyprenyl lipid precursor
There are 5 carbons in polyprenyl lipid precursor
How many 6 carbon fused rings are found in sterols?
Sterols have 3, 6 carbon fused rings
Give a synonym for phospholipid
Phosphatides, phosphoglycerides
What is the backbone structure of phospholipids
Glycerol-3-phosphate
What phospholipid contains 2 phosphates?
Diphosphatidylglycerol
Ceramide is the backbone structure of what group of lipids?
Sphingolipid
Adipocytes are the cells where this lipid is stored
TAG (triacylglycerols) are stored in Adipocytes
The proteins that coat the surface of lipid droplets are called what?
Perilipins
Name the enzyme that catalyzes the production of cyclic adenosine mono phosphate
Adenylate cyclase
What protein in the blood stream can bind up to 10 free fatty acids per Protein monomer?
Serum albumin
When fatty acids are activated on the outer mitochondrial membrane, they are called by this name.
Fatty acyl-coA
Give another name for integral membrane protein
Intrinsic protein
Give another name for peripheral membrane protein
Extrinsic protein
True or false: cells partially control membrane fluidity by increasing or decreasing the amount of sterol in the membrane?
False- sterol amount remains constant in membrane
The method discussed in class that is used to estimate relative membrane fluidity is what?
Time resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy
This term is used to describe the transport of materials across a membrane in opposite directions
Antiport
True or false: in primary active transport, molecules or ions are moved across a membrane against their concentration gradient, the proteins involved are gates, and the energy source is an ion gradient.
False- secondary active transport uses ion gradient
Name the membrane transport process that couples transport to chemical modification of the molecule being transported
group translocation
What does PEP stand for in the enzyme name PEP: glucose phosphotransferase
PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate
Name the most abundant monosaccharide in nature
D-glucose, (Dextrose)
What is the Greek word that means sugar?
Sakcharon
These carbohydrates are the most abundant oligosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides are sugar polymers that contain at least this number of monosaccharides
20 monosaccharides
Name one common disaccharides
Sucrose
Lactose
Where is the carbonyl group found in aldoses
End of the carbon chain
Name the simplest aldose
Glyceraldehyde
Name the simplest ketose
Dihydroxyacetone
Sugars can exist as one of two stereoisomers. Name the process whereby interconversion between two stereoisomers occurs.
Mutarotation
True or false: glucose and fructose are both sugars having 6-members rings, with glucose being a pyranose and fructose being a furanose.
False - fructose is a 5 carbon ring
The bond that covalently links sugars together is called this.
Glycosidic bonds
Amylose is one of two polysaccharides that make up starch. Name the other polysaccharide.
Amylose
Amylopectin
Glucans are polymers of what sugars?
Glucose
What is the name of the structural polysaccharide composed of linear polymers of N-acetyl- beta-D- glucosamine?
Chitin- linear polymer
In glycoproteins that have an N-linked glycan, the glycan attaches to an asparagine in the protein via what sugar in the glycan?
N-Acetyl glucosamine
In glycoproteins that an O-linked glycan, the glycan attaches to either serine or threonine in the protein via what sugar in the glycan?
N-Acetyl-Galatosamine
Enzymes that cleave the bonds linking the sugars in sugar polymers are called?
Glycosidase
Diphenylhexatriene is a molecule used in the study of what?
Membrane fluidity
-DPH is fluorescent and emits photons to show fluidity of membrane.
Draw the full structure of phosphatidyl ethanolamine
Draw structure
Draw full structure of phosphatidyl inositol and using arrows, show the bonds that are cleaved by the common phospholipases. Name these enzymes.
Draw
Name the two products produced when phosphatidyl inositol is cleaved by phospholipase C
Diacylglycerol
Phosphate-containing head group
True or false: membranes are more fluid when the phospholipids have a high degree of saturation in their fatty acid tails.
False- unsaturated fats makes membrane more fluid. The more saturation the less fluidity
This is the name given to a phospholipid if it has lost one of its fatty acids due to phospholipase A action
Lysophospholipid
Trans fatty acids have properties more similar to cis fatty acids or saturated fatty acids?
saturated fatty acids
