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Biochem > Biochem Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Biochem Final Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Polar lipids constitute one of the two broad categories of lipids. Name the other category.

A

Polar lipids & neutral lipids

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2
Q

Name the functional group where carbon 1 of a fatty acid is found

A

Carbon 1 of a fatty acid is found at carboxyl carbon

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3
Q

Typically unsaturated fatty acids have cis double bonds and fatty acids in general have an ____ number of carbons.

A

Fatty acids in general have an even number of carbons

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4
Q

Does the melting temperature of fatty acids increase or decrease as fatty acid chain length decreases?

A

As fatty acid chain length decreases, the melting temp also decreases

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5
Q

Does the melting temp of fatty acids increase or decrease as the number of double bonds decreases?

A

As number of double bonds decrease, the melting point increases.

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6
Q

Eicosanoids are formed when this fatty acid is oxidized and cyclized

A

Eicosonoids are formed when FA arachidonic acid (20:4) is oxidized and cyclized

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7
Q

Name the precursor of polyprenyl lipids

A

Polyprenyl lipid precursor is isoprene (learn structure)

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8
Q

How many carbons are in the polyprenyl lipid precursor

A

There are 5 carbons in polyprenyl lipid precursor

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9
Q

How many 6 carbon fused rings are found in sterols?

A

Sterols have 3, 6 carbon fused rings

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10
Q

Give a synonym for phospholipid

A

Phosphatides, phosphoglycerides

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11
Q

What is the backbone structure of phospholipids

A

Glycerol-3-phosphate

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12
Q

What phospholipid contains 2 phosphates?

A

Diphosphatidylglycerol

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13
Q

Ceramide is the backbone structure of what group of lipids?

A

Sphingolipid

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14
Q

Adipocytes are the cells where this lipid is stored

A

TAG (triacylglycerols) are stored in Adipocytes

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15
Q

The proteins that coat the surface of lipid droplets are called what?

A

Perilipins

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16
Q

Name the enzyme that catalyzes the production of cyclic adenosine mono phosphate

A

Adenylate cyclase

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17
Q

What protein in the blood stream can bind up to 10 free fatty acids per Protein monomer?

A

Serum albumin

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18
Q

When fatty acids are activated on the outer mitochondrial membrane, they are called by this name.

A

Fatty acyl-coA

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19
Q

Give another name for integral membrane protein

A

Intrinsic protein

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20
Q

Give another name for peripheral membrane protein

A

Extrinsic protein

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21
Q

True or false: cells partially control membrane fluidity by increasing or decreasing the amount of sterol in the membrane?

A

False- sterol amount remains constant in membrane

22
Q

The method discussed in class that is used to estimate relative membrane fluidity is what?

A

Time resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy

23
Q

This term is used to describe the transport of materials across a membrane in opposite directions

A

Antiport

24
Q

True or false: in primary active transport, molecules or ions are moved across a membrane against their concentration gradient, the proteins involved are gates, and the energy source is an ion gradient.

A

False- secondary active transport uses ion gradient

25
Q

Name the membrane transport process that couples transport to chemical modification of the molecule being transported

A

group translocation

26
Q

What does PEP stand for in the enzyme name PEP: glucose phosphotransferase

A

PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate

27
Q

Name the most abundant monosaccharide in nature

A

D-glucose, (Dextrose)

28
Q

What is the Greek word that means sugar?

A

Sakcharon

29
Q

These carbohydrates are the most abundant oligosaccharides

A

Disaccharides

30
Q

Polysaccharides are sugar polymers that contain at least this number of monosaccharides

A

20 monosaccharides

31
Q

Name one common disaccharides

A

Sucrose

Lactose

32
Q

Where is the carbonyl group found in aldoses

A

End of the carbon chain

33
Q

Name the simplest aldose

A

Glyceraldehyde

34
Q

Name the simplest ketose

A

Dihydroxyacetone

35
Q

Sugars can exist as one of two stereoisomers. Name the process whereby interconversion between two stereoisomers occurs.

A

Mutarotation

36
Q

True or false: glucose and fructose are both sugars having 6-members rings, with glucose being a pyranose and fructose being a furanose.

A

False - fructose is a 5 carbon ring

37
Q

The bond that covalently links sugars together is called this.

A

Glycosidic bonds

38
Q

Amylose is one of two polysaccharides that make up starch. Name the other polysaccharide.

A

Amylose

Amylopectin

39
Q

Glucans are polymers of what sugars?

A

Glucose

40
Q

What is the name of the structural polysaccharide composed of linear polymers of N-acetyl- beta-D- glucosamine?

A

Chitin- linear polymer

41
Q

In glycoproteins that have an N-linked glycan, the glycan attaches to an asparagine in the protein via what sugar in the glycan?

A

N-Acetyl glucosamine

42
Q

In glycoproteins that an O-linked glycan, the glycan attaches to either serine or threonine in the protein via what sugar in the glycan?

A

N-Acetyl-Galatosamine

43
Q

Enzymes that cleave the bonds linking the sugars in sugar polymers are called?

A

Glycosidase

44
Q

Diphenylhexatriene is a molecule used in the study of what?

A

Membrane fluidity

-DPH is fluorescent and emits photons to show fluidity of membrane.

45
Q

Draw the full structure of phosphatidyl ethanolamine

A

Draw structure

46
Q

Draw full structure of phosphatidyl inositol and using arrows, show the bonds that are cleaved by the common phospholipases. Name these enzymes.

A

Draw

47
Q

Name the two products produced when phosphatidyl inositol is cleaved by phospholipase C

A

Diacylglycerol

Phosphate-containing head group

48
Q

True or false: membranes are more fluid when the phospholipids have a high degree of saturation in their fatty acid tails.

A

False- unsaturated fats makes membrane more fluid. The more saturation the less fluidity

49
Q

This is the name given to a phospholipid if it has lost one of its fatty acids due to phospholipase A action

A

Lysophospholipid

50
Q

Trans fatty acids have properties more similar to cis fatty acids or saturated fatty acids?

A

saturated fatty acids

Biochem (11 decks)

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