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2ND YEAR MIDTERMS > BIOCHEM: BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY PROD > Flashcards

BIOCHEM: BIOCHEMICAL ENERGY PROD Flashcards

1
Q
  • Sum total of all the biochemical reactions
    that take place in a living organism
A

Metabolism

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2
Q

– large molecules are broken
down into smaller one

A

Catabolism

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3
Q

small molecules are joined
together to form larger ones

A

Anabolism

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4
Q

– series of consecutive
biochemical reactions
used to convert a
starting material into
an end product

A

Metabolic Pathway

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5
Q

Adenosine nucleoside with
phosphate group(s) attached

A

Adenosine Phosphates

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6
Q
  • Coenzyme involved in redox reactions
  • Derived from vitamin B2
A

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD, FADH2)

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7
Q
  • Coenzyme involved in redox reactions
  • Derived from vitamin B3
A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD, NADH)

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8
Q
  • Coenzyme that serves as an acetyl group carrier
  • Derived from vitamin B5
A

Coenzyme A (CoA-SH)

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9
Q

– salivary amylase digests
polysaccharides

A

Mouth

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10
Q

– gastric juices primarily
digest proteins

A

Stomach

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11
Q

– contains majority
of digestive enzymes & bile salts

A

Small Intestine

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12
Q
  • May occur in the cytosol or
    mitochondria
  • Small molecules from digestion
    are oxidized
A

Acetyl Group Formation

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13
Q
  • Occurs in the mitochondria
  • Acetyl groups are oxidized to
    produce:
  • Energy:
A

Citric Acid Cycle /
Krebs Cycle

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14
Q
  • Occurs in the mitochondria
  • NADH and FADH2 supply the
    hydrogen ions and electrons
    needed for ATP production
A

ETC & Oxidative
Phosphorylation

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15
Q

– NP in Medicine 1953

A

Krebs Cycle

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16
Q

Reaction: Condensation
Enzyme: Citrate Synthase
Yield: Citrate (C6) + CoA-SH + H+

A

Formation of Citrate

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17
Q

Reaction: Isomerization
Enzyme: Aconitase
Yield: Isocitrate

A

Formation of Isocitrate

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18
Q

Reaction: Oxidative decarboxylation
Enzyme: Isocitrate dehydrogenase RATE-LIMITING ENZYME
Yield: ⍺-ketoglutarate (C5) + CO2 + NADH

A

Oxidation of Isocitrate & Formation of CO2

19
Q

Reaction: Oxidative decarboxylation
Enzyme: ⍺-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Yield: Succinyl CoA (C4) + CO2 + NADH

A

Oxidation of ⍺-ketoglutarate & Formation of CO2

20
Q

Reaction: Substrate level phosphorylation
Enzyme: Succinyl CoA synthetase
Yield: Succinate (C4) + GTP

A

Thioester bond cleavage in Succinyl CoA &
Phosphorylation of GDP

21
Q

Reaction: Oxidation
Enzyme: succinate dehydrogenase @ inner mitochondrial membrane
Yield: Fumarate + FADH2

A

Oxidation of Succinate

22
Q
  • Reaction: Hydration
  • Enzyme: Fumarase
  • Yields: Malate
A

Hydration of Fumarate

23
Q
  • Reaction: Oxidation
  • Enzyme: Malate dehydrogenase
  • Yield: Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+
A

Oxidation of L-malate to regenerate oxaloacetate

24
Q

Fuel of the cycle is Acetyl CoA derived from catabolism of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

A

Features of the Citric Acid Cycle

25
Q
  • Inhibited by ATP
  • Activated by ADP
A

Citrate synthase

26
Q
  • Inhibited by NADH
  • Activated by ADP
A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

27
Q
  • Inhibited by Succinyl CoA and NADH
A

⍺-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

28
Q

Series of biochemical reactions in which electrons and H+ from NADH
and FADH2 are passed to intermediate carriers and ultimately react
with molecular oxygen to produce water

A

Respiratory / Electron Transport Chai

29
Q

Energy released from oxidation
of NADH is used to pump
4 protons out of the matrix into
the intermembrane space

A

Complex I: NADH-coenzyme Q reductase

30
Q
  • Flow of electrons:
    Succinate → FADH2 →
    Fe-S protein → Co-Q
A

Complex II: Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase

31
Q
  • Ubiquinone
  • Accepts electrons from both
    Complex I and Complex II for
    transfer to Complex III
A

Coenzyme-Q

32
Q
  • Cytochrome b-c1 complex
  • Contains Fe-S and cytochromes
    that contain heme (Fe3
    + ⇌ Fe2
    +)
A

Complex III: Coenzyme Q-Cytochrome C reductase

33
Q
  • Contains 2 cytochromes that each
    contain Cu atom in addition to Fe
A

Complex IV: Cytochrome C oxidase

34
Q

– biochemical process by which ATP is
synthesized from ADP as a result of electron and H+ transfer through
the carriers in the electron transport chain

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

35
Q

biochemical reactions that release energy occur
concurrently with reactions that require it

A

Coupled reactions

36
Q

movement of electrons through the ETC
generates energy to run proton pumps

A

Chemiosmotic coupling

37
Q

The potential energy of the gradient
rises with each H+ pumped through to
the IMS

A

Complex V: ATP synthase

38
Q

prevents passage of electrons through the ETC →
↓O2 consumption, ↑ buildup NADH/FADH2, ↓ ATP

A

ETC inhibitors

39
Q

increases permeability of the inner mitochondrial
membrane

A

Uncouplers

40
Q
A
41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q
A

2ND YEAR MIDTERMS (6 decks)

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