Biochem Flashcards
Solute
The part that dissolves in a mixture
Mixture
Two or more substances physically combined, where it’s parts can be seperated
Solvent
The part of a solution that does the dissolving
Aqueous solution
Solution in which water is the solvent
Dilute
the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent.
Polar
A polar bond is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed.
Acid
Compound that donates H+ ions to an aqueous solution and measures less than 7 on the pH scale
Base
compound that removes H+ ions from an aqueous solution and that measures more than 7 on a pH scale
Hydrogen ion
The positively charged ion of hydrogen, H+, formed by removal of the electron from atomic hydrogen and found in all aqueous solutions of acids.
Hydroxide ion
The positively charged ion of hydrogen, H+, formed by removal of the electron from atomic hydrogen and found in all aqueous solutions of acids.
pH scale
A range of numbers used to describe how acidic or basic a solution is; ranges from 0 (most basic) to 14 (most acidic)
Neutralization
The reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and water. Usually, the reaction of hydrogen ions with hydrogen ions to form water molecules.
Buffer
Substance that maintains a fairly constant pH in a solution by accepting H+ ions when either levels rise and donating H+ ions when their levels fall
Organic compound
The reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and water. Usually, the reaction of hydrogen ions with hydrogen ions to form water molecules.
Valence
An atoms bonding ability (how many it will form)
HONC
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon
Functional groups
Groups or specific molecules that when attached to a organic compound provide a new property
Hydrophobic
Avoids water molecules
Monomer
Small molecular unit that is the building block of a larger molecule
Polymer
Long chain of small molecular units (monomers)
Dehydration reaction
An elimination reaction in which the small molecule removed is water
Hydrolysis
a type of decomposition reaction where one reactant is water.
Bio molecule (macromolecule)
a molecule with a very large number of atoms.
Carbohydrates
Organic compound made of sugar molecules
