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Year 2 Final > Biochem > Flashcards

Biochem Flashcards

1
Q 
1. Which of the following substances are the most reliable diagnostically and accessible analytically for biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid?
A. Lactate
B. Glucose and protein
C. Immunoglobulin
D. Albumin
E. Myelin Basic Protein (MBP)
A

B. Glucose and protein

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2
Q
  1. Which one of the following conditions is not clinically informative in disorders of CSF and provides only confirmation of hyperglycemia?
    A. Disorder in carrier-mediated transport of glucose, e.g. TB meningitis, sarcoidosis
    B. Active metabolism of glucose by cells or organisms, e.g. acute purulent, amebic, and fungal meningitis
    C. Increased CSF [glucose]
    D. Increased metabolism of glucose by the CNS, e.g. CNS neoplasm E. Normal CSF [glucose], e.g. viral meningitis
A

Increased CSF [glucose]

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is wrong related to CSF?
    A. CSF is formed in the choroid plexus
    B. It is essential for the physical protection of the CNS
    C. CSF turnover is rapid, exchanging totally about four times daily
    D. CSF proteins, mainly albumin, are derived about 20% from intrathecal synthesis E. CSF is formed by selective ultrafiltration and active secretion
A

CSF proteins, mainly albumin, are derived about 20% from intrathecal synthesis

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following diseases has normal protein content in cerebrospinal fluid? A. Viral meningitis
    B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
    C. Bacterial meningitis
    D. Tuberculous meningitis E. Brain Tumor
A

Viral meningitis

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is wrong for multiple sclerosis?
    A. It is a demyelinating disesase
    B. Ethanolamine plasmalogen is lost from white matter of the central nervous system C. Sphingolipids is lost from white matter of the central nervous system
    D. The CSF shows decreased phospholipid levels
A

The CSF shows decreased phospholipid levels

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following statements regarding free radicals is false?
    A. Free radicals carry a single, unpaired electron
    B. Free radicals are produced as the result of homolytic cleavage of a covalent bond C. A free radical can interact with a molecule to generate a new free radical species D. Free radicals do not occur naturally in the body
    E. Biological free radicals are highly unstable molecules
A

Free radicals do not occur naturally in the body

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7
Q
  1. Which of the followings is the most potent free radical? A. Superoxide radical
    B. Hydrogen peroxide
    C. Hydroxyl radical
    D. Superoxide anion E. Molecular oxygen
A

Hydroxyl radical

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8
Q
  1. In familial hypercholesterolemia, blood levels of cholesterol are extremely high and severe atherosclerosis develops in childhood. Choose the wrong answer related to these individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia.
    A. These individuals have a defective LDL receptor
    B. They lack receptor-mediated uptake of cholesterol carried by LDL
    C. Cholesterol that is not cleared from the blood accumulates in foam cells and contributes
    to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques
    D. Endogenous cholesterol synthesis continues
    E. Extracellular cholesterol can enter cells to regulate intracellular synthesis
A

Extracellular cholesterol can enter cells to regulate intracellular synthesis

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9
Q
  1. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism can lead to cardiovascular disease. Choose the wrong answer related to cholesterol metabolism in human body.
    A. Cholesterol can be catabolized by animal cells
    B. Excess cholesterol can be removed by excretion
    C. Excess cholesterol can be removed by conversion to bile salts
    D. Cholesterol is used for the synthesis of membranes
    E. Pathological accumulations of cholesterol (plaques) cause atherosclerosis by
    obstructing blood vessels
A

Cholesterol can be catabolized by animal cells

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10
Q
  1. When superoxide radical, O2 ̄ ̇, gains a second electron (and two protons) which oxidant substance is formed?
    A. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl)
    B. Nitrous acid (HNO2)
    C. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) D. Ozone (O3)
    E. Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3)
A

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following biomarkers is of importance indicating the myocardial damage during
    a subclinical period of several years before the onset of clinical signs of coronary heart disease and death?
    A. LDH1 (Lactate dehydrogenase 1)
    B. Myoglobin
    C. Homocysteine
    D. cTnI (Cardiac troponin I)
    E. CPK (Creatine phosphokinase)
A

cTnI (Cardiac troponin I)

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12
Q
  1. When a hydroxyl radical reacts with a protein, lipid, or DNA molecule, it snatches an electron to itself. What is the product of this reaction?
    A. Another radical
    B. In case of protein shorter peptides
    C. In case of DNA nucleotides D. In case of lipid free fatty acids E. No radical
A

Another radical

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13
Q
  1. Which of the followings is not a free radical? A. Hydroxyl
    B. Hypochlorite
    C. Nitric oxide
    D. Singlet oxygen E. Lipid peroxyl
A

Singlet oxygen

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14
Q 
14. Which of the following serum proteins is a negative acute phase reactant? A. C-Reactive protein
B. Fibrinogen
C. Ferritin
D. Hepcidin
E. Serum albumin
A

Serum albumin

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15
Q 
15. Which of the following serum proteins has little efficacy as a screening tool for inflammation, however is useful for monitoring resolution or progression of an inflammatory process?
A. Serum albumin
B. Transferrin
C. Alpha-foetoprotein
D. C-Reactive protein
E. Prealbumin (transthyretin)
A

C-Reactive protein

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16
Q
  1. Which positive acute phase protein of man becomes measurable within 4~5 h after a single inflammatory stimulus with a rapid increase up to 5-fold to 1000-fold?
    A. Serum Amyloid A (SAA)
    B. Haptoglobin
    C. Fibrinogen,
    D. α-Globulins with antiprotease-activity E. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein
A

Serum Amyloid A (SAA)

17
Q 
17. Which of the following is the first described acute phase protein which was discovered due to its binding to the C-polysaccharide of pneumococci?
A. TNF-α
B. IL-1
C. IL-6
D. CRP
E. Hemopexin
A

CRP

18
Q 
18. Which acute phase protein is a serine protease and the inhibitor of leukocyte and lysosomal proteolytic enzymes?
A. Haptoglobin
B. α1-Antitrypsin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Transthyretin
E. α1-Acid glycoprotein (α1AGP)
A

􏰘1-Antitrypsin

19
Q
  1. Which one of the following is not an acute phase protein? A. Haptoglobin
    B. C-reactive protein
    C. α1-Antitrypsin
    D. Ceruloplasmin E. Hemoglobin
A

Hemoglobin

20
Q
  1. Which protein binds to iron in blood and transports it to various tissues? A. Albumin
    B. Ceruloplasmin
    C. Hemosiderin
    D. Hemoglobin E. Transferrin
A

Transferrin

21
Q
  1. What is the function of reduced glutathione in RBCs? A. To reduce oxidizing agents such as H2O2
    B. To reduce methemoglobin to hemoglobin
    C. To produce NADH
    D. To produce NADPH E. To produce FAD
A

To reduce oxidizing agents such as H2O2

Year 2 Final (5 decks)

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