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BIOC192 Lectures 3-38 > BIOC192 Lecture 32 - Electron Transport Chain > Flashcards

BIOC192 Lecture 32 - Electron Transport Chain Flashcards

1
Q

how is the electron transport chain organised?

A

organised into four complexes: I to IV

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2
Q

how many carriers does each complex contain?

A

each complex contains multiple carriers

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3
Q

what are the 2 mobile carriers?

A

1) UQ and CoQ (both the same thing just different names)

2) cyt c (cytochrome c)

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4
Q

what is the relationship between carriers and redox reactions?

A

each carrier accepts electron(s) (is reduced) in one redox reaction and then donates electron(s) (is oxidised) in another redox reaction

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5
Q

how is energy released in the electron transport chain?

A

as electrons move through the carriers, energy is released

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6
Q

what is the relationship between electron moving to carriers and reduction potential?

A

electrons move to carriers with a higher reduction potential

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7
Q

what molecule has the highest reduction potential?

A

oxygen

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8
Q

what is the function of releasing energy in the electron transport chain?

A

the energy released in the electron transport chain is used to translocate proton across the mitochondrial inner membrane

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9
Q

what is the electron flow through the electron transport chain of NADH?

A

complex I –> UQ –> complex III –> cyt c –> complex IV –> O2

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10
Q

what is the electron flow through the electron transport chain of FADH2?

A

complex II –> UQ —> complex III –> cyt c –> complex IV –> O2

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11
Q

what is the function of rotenone?

A

inhibits the transfer of electrons from complex I to Co-Q

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12
Q

what is the function of cyanide?

A

binds to a carrier in complex IV

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13
Q

what is the function of carbon monoxide?

A

binds where O2 binds

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14
Q

what are the 3 inhibitors of electron flow through the electron transport chain?

A

1) rotenone
2) cyanide
3) carbon monoxide

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15
Q

what are the 4 effects of inhibitors of electron flow through the electron transport chain?

A

1) stop flow of electrons through the ETC
2) build-up of reduced co-enzymes (NADH and FADH2)
3) no proton gradient formed
4) reactive oxygen species produced cause damage to cells

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16
Q

what is the electron flow through the ETC in complex I?

A
  • NADH is oxidised at complex I
  • 2 electrons release into the ETC
  • 4 protons are pumped for each NADH oxidised
17
Q

what is the electron flow through the ETC in complex II?

A
  • FADH2 is oxidised at complex II
  • SDH reaction is shared with the citric acid cycle
  • 2 electrons released into the ETC
  • no protons are pumped
18
Q

what is the electron flow through the ETC in UQ?

A
  • complex I and complex II both pass 2 electrons to UQ/CoQ

- UQ can move within the inner mitochondrial membrane

19
Q

what does Co-Q under?

A

undergoes 2-electron redox reactions (like NADh and FADH2) but can accept/release 1 electron at a time

20
Q

what is the electron flow through the ETC in CoQ?

A
  • complex I and complex II both pass 2 electrons to CoQ

- CoQ releases 1 electron at a time to complex III (Q-cycle)

21
Q

what is the electron flow through the ETC in complex III?

A
  • complex III releases 1 electron at at time to cytochrome c

- complex III pumps 4 protons across the inner membrane (for 1 coenzyme/ 2 electrons)

22
Q

what is the electron flow through the ETC in cytochrome c?

A
  • moves on outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane

- cytochrome c carries 1 electron at at time from complex III to complex IV

23
Q

what is cytochrome c?

A

cytochrome c is a heme containing protein

-carries 1 electron via reversible Fe2+/Fe3+ redox reactions

24
Q

what is the electron flow through the ETC in complex IV?

A
  • complex IV accepts 1 electron at a time from cytochrome c
  • reduces oxygen to water (terminal electron acceptor)
  • for 1 NADH/FADH2 (2 electrons): 2 H+ pumped
  • for 1 NADH/FADH2 (2 electrons): 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ –> H2O
25
Q

what happens biologically in complex IV?

A

the last carrier in complex IV waits until it has 4 electrons O2 + 4H+ –> 2H2O

26
Q

is there any movement between complex I and complex II?

A

no

27
Q

how many protons are pumped from NADH?

A

10 protons pumped

28
Q

how many protons are pumped from FADH2?

A

6 protons pumped

BIOC192 Lectures 3-38 (21 decks)

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