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BIOC192 Lectures 3-38 > BIOC192 Lecture 28 - Glycolysis > Flashcards

BIOC192 Lecture 28 - Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

what pathway is glucose oxidised in?

A

glycolysis

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2
Q

what organisms perform glycolysis?

A

all organisms

  • animals
  • plants
  • fungi
  • bacteria
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3
Q

what are the 2 pathways that glycolysis can undergo?

A

1) cytoplasmic pathway (usually the pathway used)

2) mitochondrial pathway

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4
Q

what is glucose essential for as fuel?

A
  • essential as fuel for red blood cells
  • essential as fuel for the brain
  • favoured fuel for the eye
  • white muscle cells favour glucose over fats
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5
Q

do RBC’s have mitochondria?

A

no they do not have mitochondria therefore they lack the other pathways

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6
Q

can glucose cross the blood/brain barrier?

A

glucose can readily cross the blood/brain barrier

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7
Q

can fats cross the blood/brain barrier?

A

fats cannot cross the blood/brain barrier

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8
Q

how much glucose does the human brain require per day?

A

around 120g of glucose per day

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9
Q

why can the eye only perform glycolysis in the cytoplasm?

A

because here is a low number of mitochondria

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10
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of white muscle?

A
  • sprinting
  • fast twitch
  • glucose as fuel
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11
Q

what is glycolysis?

A

the splitting of glucose

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12
Q

what is the start product and end product of glycolysis?

A

6 carbon glucose is split into 2 pyruvate with 3 carbons each

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13
Q

what 2 molecules is energy conserved into?

A

1) ATP

2) NADH

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14
Q

can pyruvate be further metabolised?

A

yes pyruvate may be further metabolised

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15
Q

what are the 2 ways pyruvate can be further metabolised?

A

1) aerobically

2) anaerobically

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16
Q

what are the 2 phases of glycolysis?

A

1) energy investment phase

2) energy payoff phase

17
Q

what is the first phase of glycolysis?

A

the energy investment phase

18
Q

what is the second phase of glycolysis?

A

the energy payoff phase

19
Q

what occurs during the first phase of glycolysis?

A

-the energy investment phase
the activation of glucose is caused by getting the molecule into a form so that energy can be captured
2ATP –> 2ADP

20
Q

what occurs during the second phase of glycolysis?

A 
-the energy payoff phase
return on the investment of energy by making a profit of ATP from 2ATP to 4ATP
4ADP --> 4ATP
2NAD+ --> 2NADH
-end product is 2 pyruvate
21
Q

what occurs in the energy investment phase in terms of carbon?

A

splitting of 6 carbons to 3 carbons (2x) of the molecule occurs at the end of the energy investment phase

22
Q

what occurs in the energy payoff phase in terms of carbon?

A

after a conversion both of 3 carbon molecules are processed the same way

23
Q

what are the 4 reactions for the activation of glucose?

A

glucose –> glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) –> fructose-6-phosphate (F-6-P) –> fructose- 1,6-biphosphate (FBP)

24
Q

what is the impact of the reaction of glucose-6-phosphate having a positive delta G of +1.6kJ/mol?

A

because this reaction is in the middle of the reactions for the activation of glucose it does not effect the overall delta G which is negative

25
Q

what is the reaction of the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP?

A

ADP + Pi –> ATP

26
Q

where does energy come from in a substrate level phosphorylation?

A

energy comes from the substrate

27
Q

what is one way to release energy to a substrate level phosphorylation?

A

the cleavage of a high-energy phosphate bond on the substrate
-however the next step is critical because we still need a net gain of ATP in glycolysis

28
Q

what is the 1st substrate-level phosphorylation for making an ATP profit?

A
  • the number 1 carbon phosphate of 1,3-BPG is very reactive
  • removal of this P releases energy (delta G = -49.3 kJ/mol) that is used for substrate-level phosphorylation. (ADP + Pi –> ATP deltaG = +30 KJ/mol)
  • P is also transferred to ADP to make ATP
29
Q

why does arsenic poison glycolysis?

A

arsenate substitutes fro phosphate and the resulting compound is unstable and senate is hydrolysed
-ATP is not synthesised

30
Q

what is the 2nd substrate-level phosphorylation for making an ATP profit?

A
  • removal of P from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) releases energy (deltaG = -61.9 kJ/mol) that is used for substrate-level phosphorylation (ADP + Pi –> ATP deltaG = +30 kJ/mol)
  • P is also transferred to ADP to make ATP
31
Q

what is pyruvate converted to under aerobic conditions?

A

under aerobic conditions pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA

32
Q

where does the conversion of pyruvate occur?

A

occurs in the mitochondrial matrix

33
Q

what is the net reaction of pyruvate conversion under acidic conditions?

A

oxidate decarboxylation

BIOC192 Lectures 3-38 (21 decks)

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