BIOC192 Lecture 22 - Metabolism: Energy Balance in Cells and Organisms Flashcards
what is the first law of dynamics?
energy can neither be created or destroyed
what is anabolism?
utilising light energy and converts it into high energy chemical bonds
what provides our body with chemical energy in terms of food?
- carbohydrates
- fats
- proteins
what provides our body with nutrients in terms of food?
- vitamins
- minerals
- etc
what are the processes for energy metabolism and ATP in the body?
- anabolism
- catabolism
what is catabolism?
energy from food is used as a storage form of energy that produces ATP
what is oxidised to form ATP?
carbon compound in food are oxidised to form ATP
what is the ideal equation for energy balance in the body?
Eintake (food) = Eexpended (basal metabolism + activites)
what are the 3 ways weight loss can be achieved?
1) reducing energy intake (east less/or take certain drugs)
2) increasing activities
3) increasing basal metabolism (the energy required for the maintenance of life)
what is the unit for energy?
Joule (J)
what can be used to measure the energy content of food?
can be measured by calorimetry
what are the Atwater factors and what are their values?
fat = 38 kJ/g carbohydrate = 17 kJ/g protein = 17 kJ/g ethanol = 29 kJ/g
what are the 2 examples of the energy in food that is not available?
1) losses in faeces e.g fibre (cellulose)
2) nitrogen is not oxidised (excreted in urine)
what is direct calorimetry (whole body calorimeters)?
-relies on measuring heat output from an individual
what does a direct calorimetry (whole body calorimeters) determine?
good for deterring basal metabolic rate (BMR) e.g the individual at rest
