BIO160 Chapter 6

Question 1

autotrophs

Answer 1

make their own organic matter
from inorganic nutrients (ie plants).
– Producers

Question 2

hetertrophs

Answer 2

cannot make organic matter
and must obtain from other sources (ie
humans).gl
– Consumers

Question 3

photosynthesis

Answer 3

uses light energy from the sun to power a chemical process that builds organic molecules

Question 4

chemical ingredients for photosynthesis

Answer 4

carbon dioxide and water, produces glucose and water

Question 5

chemical ingredients for cellular respiration

Answer 5

oxygen, produces ATP

Question 6

aerobic process

Answer 6

requires oxygen

Question 7

cellular respiration

Answer 7

aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules.

Question 8

equation for cellular respiration

Answer 8

Glucose+oxygen ==> carbon dioxide, water, ATP

Question 9

oxidation

Answer 9

loses electrons

Question 10

reduction

Answer 10

gains electrons

Question 11

NADH

Answer 11

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen

Question 12

glycolysis

Answer 12

glucose broken down to pyruvates, first stage of cellular respiration

Question 13

citric acid cycle

Answer 13

completes the breakdown of glucose to CO2, second stage of cellular respiration

Question 14

electron transport

Answer 14

third stage of cellular respiration

Question 15

where does glycolysis occur

Answer 15

cytoplasm

Question 16

what happens during glycolysis?

Answer 16

6 carbon glucose is broken in half, to two 3 carbon molecules, the 3 carbon molecules donate electrons to NAD+, forming NADH

Question 17

how many ATP are formed during glycolysis?

Answer 17

2 ATP

Question 18

where does the citric acid cycle occur?

Answer 18

matrix of mitochondria

Question 19

what happens during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 19

1. Pyruvic acid loses 1 carbon each to CO2, making acetic acid 2. Oxidation of the fuel generates NADH. Acetic acid brakes down to CO2, two CO2 molecules exit as a waste product, two ATPs are formed, NADH and FADH2, electron carriers are formed

Question 20

how many ATP are formed in citric acid cycle?

Answer 20

2 ATP

Question 21

where does Electon transport cycle occur?

Answer 21

inner membrane of mitochondria

Question 22

how many ATP are produced in electon transport cycle?

Answer 22

28 ATP

Question 23

what happens in electon transport cycle?

Answer 23

NADH and FADH2 travel to inner membrane of mitochondria, H+ ions are hanging out, electron carriers join with H+ ions producing water as a byproduct, 28 ATP formed
electron carriers “pinball” in ATP sythase. oxidative phosphorization, requires O2

Question 24

If cellular respiration happens in an anerobic environment what is formed?

Answer 24

lactic acid

Question 25

if cellular respiration happens in a NO oxygen environment what is formed ?

Answer 25

alcohol

Question 26

explain why photosythesi is important in most ecosystems

Answer 26

produces oxygen

Question 27

autotrophs vs heterotrophs

Answer 27

autotrophs make energy, heterotrophs eat energy

Question 28

explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary to each other

Answer 28

recycled… each byproduct is necessary for each to perform their functions

Question 29

compare the processes of cellular respiration and breathing

Answer 29

breathing takes in oxygen, exits CO2.. diffused through the lung linings. cellular respiration needs cell to perform functions

Question 30

explain the overall equation for cellular respiration

Answer 30

Glucose + oxygen ==>CO2, water, ATP

Question 31

describe the lines of evidence that suggests that glycolysis is a primitive form of metabolism

Answer 31

prokaryotes use glycolysis to produce ATP,

glycolysis occurs in almost all organisms, happens in cytoplasm, doesn’t need organelles