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Biology 160 > BIO 160 Chapter 2 > Flashcards

BIO 160 Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space.

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2
Q

Element

A

any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances

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3
Q

The 4 elements that make up 96% of most cells

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

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4
Q

Trace element

A

An element indispensable for life but required in extremely minute amounts.

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5
Q

Molecule

A

smallest unit of most compounds

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6
Q

Compound

A

a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight

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7
Q

Atom

A

Smallest particle of an element

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8
Q

Electron: charge and location

A

Part of the atom; negative charge outside nucleus

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9
Q

Neutron: charge and location

A

Part of the atom; neutral charge in nucleus

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10
Q

Proton: charge and location

A

Part of the atom: positive charge in nucleus

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11
Q

Atomic number

A

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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12
Q

Atomic mass

A

number of protons and neutrons

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13
Q

How to read the Periodic Table

A

Elements are arranged on the periodic table according to their atomic number

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14
Q

Octet rule

A

States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons

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15
Q

Isotope

A

are alternate mass forms of an element. It has the same number of protons and electrons but differ in their number of neutrons.

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16
Q

Radioactive Isotope

A

have many uses in research and medicine. , an unstable atom in which the nucleus decays (breaks down) releasing particles and energy

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17
Q

Covalent bond

A

bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

18
Q

Ion

A

When an atom loses or gains electrons, charged

19
Q

Ionic bond

A

the attractive force between two ions of opposite charge;

20
Q

Polar molecule

A

molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges (Water)

21
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom

22
Q

Chemical reaction

A

changes in the chemical composition of matter

23
Q

Drought

A

a period of abnormally dry weather that changes the environment and one of the most devastating disasters

24
Q

Properties of water

A

Cohesion; High surface tension; High heat capacity; Varying density; and Solvency

25
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecules stick together

26
Q

High heat capacity

A

Water has a strong resistance to change in temperature

27
Q

High surface tension

A

hydrogen bonding of water causes the surface to be hard to break

28
Q

Varying density

A

Frozen water floats

29
Q

Solvency

A

Water is a common solvent for life

30
Q

Heat

A

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

31
Q

Temperature

A

a measure of how hot or cold something is

32
Q

Biological significance of ice floating

A

Ice is less dense than water. If ice did not float, ponds, lakes, and even the oceans would freeze solid. Life in water could not survive if bodies of water froze solid.

33
Q

Solution

A

a liquid consisting of a mixture of two or more substances

34
Q

Solvent

A

the liquid portion of the solution

35
Q

Solute

A

the solid portion of the solution dissolved in solvent

36
Q

Acid

A

a chemical compound that releases H+ to a solution

37
Q

Base

A

a compound that accepts H+ and removes them from solution

38
Q

pH

A

describe the acidity of a solution. Mathematical way to indicate number of hydrogen ions in solution.

39
Q

Buffer

A

substances that resist pH change. Accept H+ ions when they are in excess and donate H+ ions when they are depleted.

40
Q

How to draw an atom?

A

Put protons and neutrons in the center as a nucleus. Then, proceed to draw circles around the nucleus and put electrons on the circles 2-8-8.

41
Q

compound

A

substances that contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio

42
Q

evaporative cooling

A

occurs when a substance evaporates, the liquid that is left behind cools down

Biology 160 (11 decks)

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