Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

All Freshmen subjects > BIO120: vocab for final > Flashcards

BIO120: vocab for final Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue
Striated or not
Voluntary or not
Location

A

Striated
Voluntary
Attached to bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue
-Striated or not
Voluntary or not
-Location

A
  • Striated
  • Involuntary
  • Heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

  • Striated or not
  • Voluntary or not
  • Location
A

-Nonstriated
-Involuntary
GI tract (digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of muscular tissue

A

Producing body movements
Stabilizing body positions
Moving substances within the body
Generating heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Properties that enable muscle to function and contribute to homeostasis

A

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Layers of muscle tissue

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Epimysium

A

Outer layer of muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds groups of muscle fibers separating them into groups called fascicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fascicles

A

Muscle fiber groups surrounded by the Perimysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Endomysium

A

Inner layer of each fascicle and separates individual muscle fibers from one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tendon

A

attaches muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Broad, flattened tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscle growth occurs by _________

A

Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What hormones cause muscle growth

A

Testosterone, human growth hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sacromeres

A

Basic functional unit of a microfifbril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contractile proteins

A

Myosin

Actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Myosin

-What it looks like

A

Projections of each Myosin molecule protrude outward (myosin head) looks like a golf club

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Actin

-Function

A

Provide a site where the Myosin head can attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Structural proteins

A

Titin

Dystrophin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Titin (function)

A

Helps with stabilizing, extensibility, alignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dystrophin (function)

A

Very elastic. Helps muscle retain its shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter and why is it so important

A

ACh

Muscle cannot move without it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The bacterium Clostridium botulinum (botulism) produces________

A

Botulinum toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does Botulinum toxin do

What medicine is it used for

A

Blocks release of ACh from synaptic vesicles (therefore muscles cannot move)
Botox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Botox is used to treat:

A

Strabismus,
Blepharospasm,
Spasms of the vocal cords that interfere with speech,
alleviate chronic back pain due to muscle spasms in the lumbar region,
treating frown lines, wrinkles on the face and neck such as crows feet, forehead lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Strabismus

How is it treated

A

Cross eyed

Botox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Blepharospasm

How is it treated

A

Uncontrollable blinking

Botox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Myasthenia gravis

what is it (symptoms)

A

An autoimmune disease leading to muscle weakness and fatigue
Muscles that control eye and eyelid movement, facial expressions, chewing, talking, and swallowing are especially suseptible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Function of anticholinesterase agents

What disease does it treat

A

Slow actions of acetycholinesterase which breaks down ACh (therefore ACh will stay in the synaptic cleft for longer)
Treatment for myasthenia gravis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Curare

A

Causes muscle paralysis by blocking ACh receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Creatine phosphate

A

Excess ATP is used to synthesize creatine phosphate

Energy rich molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Types of contractions

A

Isotonic

Isometric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Isotonic contraction

  • what is it
  • example
A
  • The tension developed remains constant while the muscle changed in length
  • lifting weights
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Isometric contraction

  • what is it
  • example
A
  • The tension generated is not enough for the object to be moved and the muscle does not change its length
  • pushing a wall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where is smooth muscle tissue found

A
  • Walls of airways to the lungs
  • Muscles that attach to hair follicles
  • Muscles that adjust focus of the lens in the eye
  • Gastrointestinal tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Types of muscular tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Another name for sensory neurons

A

Afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Function of sensory neurons

A

Deliver information from sensory receptors to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Another name for motor neurons

A

efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Function of motor neurons

A

Travel from the CNS to the peripheral effectors (muscles and glands) and produce an effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Interneurons

  • another name
  • what nervous system (CNS or PNS)
  • where exactly found
A

Association neurons
CNS
Between sensory and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Two types of nervous tissue

A

Neurons (nerve cells)

Neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Nerve cells (neurons)

A

basic functional units of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

True or false, neurons possess electrical excitibilty

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is electrical excitibility

A

Responding to a stimulus and converting it into an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Another word for a nerve impulse

A

Action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Parts of the cell body

A 
Nucleus 
Cytoskeleton
Mitochrondria 
Ribosomes 
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum RER
Nissel bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Cytoskeleton

  • Location
  • Function
A

Inside cytoplasm

Helps give shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Mitochondria

-function

A

Produce ATP (energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Ribosomes

-function

A

Protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

-what do they contain

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Nissel bodies

  • stain light or dark
  • what do they contain
A

Dark

Clusters of RER and free ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Most neurons lack _______, therefore, CNS neurons cannot divide and cannot be replaced

A

Centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Dendrites

  • Look
  • function
A

Highly branched

Receive information from other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Axons

  • Look
  • Function
  • Thickened region where the axon attaches to the cell body
A

Long processes
Sends signals away from the neuron
Axon Hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

The axon ends at ________

A

Synaptic terminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

A narrow space that separates the presynaptic cell from the postsynaptic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Synapse

A

Where cells come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Bipolar neurons

  • what they look like, or are made of
  • commonality
  • location
A

One dendrite, one axon
Rare
Found in special sense organs (eye)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Unipolar neurons

-look

A

Dendrites and axons are continuous

The cell body lies off to the side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Multipolar neurons

  • commonality
  • nervous system
A

Most common

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

True or false, Neuroglia generate action potentials

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Another word for neuroglia

A

Glia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Two places where Neuroglia can be found

A

CNS and PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Cells of Neuroglia in the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Astrocytes

  • found in Neuroglia of what system
  • shape, size
  • commonality
  • Create a ________ for the CNS
  • Controls ___________
A
  • CNS
  • Star shaped, largest
  • Most numerous
  • Creates a 3 dimensional framework for the CNS
  • Controls the interstitial environment (between the cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What type of cell is associated with the blood brain barrier and in what nervous system

A

Astrocytes (Neuroglia of the CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Function of the blood brain barrier and what can pass through it

A
  • Keeps harmful things out of the brain

- Oxygen, glucose, CO2, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Oligondendrocytes

  • nervous system
  • forms the __________
  • How many axons can it myelinate
A
  • Neurglia of the CNS
  • forms the myelin sheath around the CNS axons
  • May myelinate several axons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is the purpose of the myelin sheath

A

Makes action potentials go faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Microglia

  • Nervous system
  • size
  • function
A
  • Neuoglia of the CNS
  • small cells
  • Phagocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Ependymal cells

  • Nervous system
  • location
A
  • Neuoglia of the CNS

- line the central canal and the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Neuroglia of the PNS

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Schwann cells

  • Nervous system
  • function
  • How many axons will it myelinate
A
  • Neuroglia of the PNS
  • encircle PNS axons, forms the myelin sheath
  • a single Schwann cell will myelinate a single axon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Schwann cell of the PNS has the same function as the_________ of the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Satellite cells

  • Nervous syetm
  • function
A
  • Neuroglia of the PNS

- structural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

What is myelin made of

A

Lipid and protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Myelinated vs unmyelinated

A

Myelin sheath makes action potential go faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Gaps in the myelin sheath

A

Nodes of Ranveir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Demyelination

  • what it is
  • symptoms
A

Destruction of the myelin sheath

-Loss of sensation, motor control, numbnuss, paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What causes demyelination

A

Heavy metal poisoning- arsenic, lead mercury

82
Q

What is a disease of demyelination

A

Multiple Sclerosis

83
Q

Multiple sclerosis

  • what it is
  • what problems does it cause
  • what group of people does it most commonly occur in
A
  • autoimmune disease
  • problems with speech, motor control, eyesight
  • more common in women ages 30-40
84
Q

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

  • How do you get it
  • what are the symptoms
  • prognosis
A
  • Occasionally after immunization
  • weakness, tingling in the arms
  • usually goes away but can be permanent
85
Q

Neurotransmitters

A 
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Norepinephrine (NE)
Epinepherine 
Dopamine 
Endorphins
86
Q

What does dopamine do and what is the disease you get when you have no dopamine

A

Helps to regulate muscle tone

Parkinsons disease

87
Q

Endorphins

  • classification
  • effects of them
A

-Opioid
-highest analgesic effect
-similar effects as opium and morphine
Runners high

88
Q

Ways in which a neuroransmitter is removed

A

Diffusion (high to low)
Enzymatic degeneration (enzymes will break down the neurotransmitter….acetylcholinsterase will break down acetylcholine)
Uptake by neurons or glia cells

89
Q

Ways in which neurotransmitters can be modified

A

Synthesis can be stimulated or inhibited
Release can be blocked or enhanced
Removal can be stimulated or blocked
Receptor site can be blocked or activated

90
Q

Agonist

A

anything that enhances a traansmitters effects

91
Q

Antagonist

A

anything that blocks the action of a neurotransmitter

92
Q

Extracellular fluid

  • cations or anions
  • molecules associated
  • positive or negative
A
  • cations
  • Na+ and Ca++
  • Positive
93
Q

Intracellular fluid

  • cations or anions
  • molecules associated
  • positive or negative
A
  • anions
  • K+
  • Negative
94
Q

Classification of nerve fibers

A

A fibers
B fibers
C fibers

95
Q

A Fibers

  • size
  • myelinated or not
  • speed
A
  • largest
  • myelinated
  • fastest
96
Q

B Fibers

  • size
  • myelinated or not
  • speed
A
  • medium sized
  • myelinated
  • somewhat fast
97
Q

C Fibers

  • size
  • myelinated or not
  • speed
A
  • smallest
  • not myelinated
  • slowest
98
Q

The Central nervous system includes what body parts

A

Brain

Spinal cord

99
Q

Peripheral nervous system includes ______ and ______nerves

A

spinal and cranial

100
Q

Two nervous systems within the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

101
Q

Parts of the Autonomic nervous system (PNS) and their functions

A

Sympathetic nervous system (epinephrine, adreniline)- activated by anger, stress or fear, more blood rushes into skeletal muscles and heart is stronger. Fight or flight
Parasympathetic nervous system- formation of urine (bodily functions), rest and digest

102
Q

Neurons vs Neuroglia

A
  • Neurons have action potential (respond to a stimulus and convert it into action potential)(electrical excitibility), neuroglia do not
  • Neurons have little or no damage repair (injury to brain or spinal cord is usually permanent), Schwann cells of the Neuroglia in the PNS participate in axon regeneration
103
Q

Veretbral column includes what parts and what is the function of the vertabrae

A

Spine, backbone, spinal column

The vertabrae enclose and protect the spinal cord

104
Q

Vertebral canal

-what is it formed by

A

-formed by the vertebral foramina of all the vertabrae (spinal cord runs through this)

105
Q

Spinal cord anatomy

  • length
  • diameter
  • at what vertebrae does it end
A
  • 16-18 inches in length
  • .75 inches in diameter
  • ends between L1 and L2
106
Q

Where is the anterior median fissure found

A

Ventral (front, anterior)

107
Q

Where is the posterior median sulcus found

A

Dorsal (back, posterior)

108
Q

What is found at the end of the spinal cord

A

The Conus Medullaris

109
Q

What is referred to as the horses tail and descends vertically and obliquly from the conus medullaris

A

Cauda equina

110
Q

Filum terminale

  • nickname
  • what does it anchor to
A

Terminal thread

anchors to the coccyx

111
Q

Meninges

A

Tough connective tissue surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord. three layers

112
Q

Layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater
Aarachoid Mater
Pia Mater

113
Q

Dura Mater

  • location
  • width
A
  • Outermost

- thick

114
Q

Arachnoid mater

  • what it looks like
  • what type of tissue
  • location
A
  • webbed
  • connective tissue
  • Middle
115
Q

Pia Mater

  • location
  • Many _______ for oxygen and nutrients
  • What does it adhere to
A
  • Inner
  • Blood vessels
  • surface of the spinal cord and brain
116
Q

Spinal tap

  • what is administered
  • where is the needle inserted
  • what is withdrawn and why
A
  • anestethic
  • inserted into the subarachnoid space usually L3-L4 or L4-L5
  • Withdraw cerebrospinal fluid to diagnose a patients problem
117
Q

What protects the spinal cord

A

Cerebrospinal fluid
Meninges
Denticulate ligaments

118
Q

What are denticulate ligaments

A

Extentions of the pia mater that fuse with the inner surface of the dura mater
Protect the spinal cord

119
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves and where do they exit from

A

31 pairs

exit from the intervertebral foramina

120
Q

What does it mean that spinal nerves are mixed

A

they have both afferent and efferent fibers

121
Q

Which root are the afferent fibers found on

A

posterior (dorsal)

122
Q

Which root are the efferent fibers found on

A

anterior (ventral)

123
Q

What is a root

A

A bundle of axons

124
Q

Dorsal posterior root

  • What does it contain
  • what does it conduct
A
  • sensory axons

- nerve impluses from sensory receptors (skin, muscles, internal organs) into the CNS

125
Q

Ventral (anterior) root

  • what does it contain
  • what does it conduct
A
  • axons of motor neurons

- conducts nerve impulses from the CNS to effectors

126
Q

What does the Cervical plexus contain

A

Phrenic nerve

127
Q

Where does the Phrenic nerve innervate

A

the diaphram

128
Q

What does the Brachial plexus supply and what nerves does it contain

A 
Supplies the shoulders and upper limbs 
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve 
Median nerve 
Ulnar nerve
129
Q

What nerve is found in the lLumbar plexus

A

Femoral nerve

130
Q

Where is the femoral nerve located

A

anterior and medial aspect of the leg

131
Q

What nerve does the sacral plexus contain

A

Sciatic nerve

132
Q

Where is the Sciatic nerve located and what is its size

A

Posterior and lateral aspect of the leg
Largest nerve in the body
(injections in the buttox should avoid this nerve)

133
Q

What do the brain and spinal cord develop from and where does this take place

A

Ectoderm

neural tube

134
Q

Prosencephalon becomes__________ which becomes the _________

A

forebrain which becomes the cerebrum

135
Q

Mesencephalon becomes the ________

A

Midbrain

136
Q

Rhombencephalon becomes _______ which is continuous with the _______

A

Hindbrain

Spinal cord

137
Q

What usually does not pass through the blood brain barrier

A

Proteins and antibiotics

138
Q

Major parts of the brain

A

Brain stem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebrum

139
Q

What is the brain stem and where is it located

A

continuation of the spinal cord

between the spinal cord and the diencephalon

140
Q

Major parts of the brain stem

A

Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

141
Q

What are the two vital centers of the Medulla Oblongata and what do they control
What reflexes does it control

A 
Cardiovascular center (rate of heart, strength of contractions)
Respiratory center (rhythm of breathing)
Vomitting, swallowing, hiccupping, coughing
142
Q

What is the Pons nicknamed and what is its purpose

A

Bridge

Signals for voluntary movement from the cerebral cortex are relayed through the pons and into the cerebellum

143
Q

Midbrain

  • what movements does it coordinate
  • what are these movements in response to
  • example
A
  • head, eyes and trunk
  • auditory and visual stimuli
  • eyes, head and trunk will respond to auditory stiimuli
144
Q 
Cerebellum 
-size 
-primary function
-coordinates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
surface area is \_\_\_\_\_\_ to increase to number of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A
  • second largest part of the brain
  • coordinates skilled movements
  • surface area is highly folded to increase the number of neurons
145
Q

If the Cerebellum is damaged, one may get ________

  • what does this disase pprevent you from doing
  • example
A

Ataxia

  • cannot coordinate skilled movements
  • ex: cannot touch nose with eyes closed
146
Q

What is the frontal lobe associated with

A

reasoning, planning and problem solving

147
Q

What is the parietal lobe associated with

A

perception of stimuli

148
Q

What is the occipital lobe associated with

A

visual processing

149
Q

what is the temporal lobe associated with

A

regognition of auditory stimuli

150
Q

Limbic system

  • ______of structures
  • location
  • nickname and why
  • what else is it involved with
A
  • ring
  • inner border of the cerebrum
  • emotional brain as it governs aspects of behavior
  • olfaction and memory (smells bring back memories)
151
Q

What are the three extensions of the Dura Mater that separate parts of the brain

A

Falx cerebri
Falx Cerabelli
Tentorium cerebelli

152
Q

What does the falx cerebri separate

A

the two cerebral hemispheres

153
Q

What does the falx cerebelli separate

A

the two cerebellar hemispheres

154
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli separate

A

cerebrum from the cerebellum

155
Q

What is the sensory area of the cerebral cortex and which lobe is it found in

A

Primary visual area in the Occipital lobe (processing)

156
Q

How many cranial nerves are there

A

12

157
Q

Which nerve is 1 and what is the function

A

Olfactory

smell

158
Q

What nerve is 2 and what is the function

A

Optic

vision

159
Q

What nerve is 3 and what is the function

A

Occulomotor

eye movement

160
Q

Diseases caused by damage to the 3 nerve and what they are

A

Strabismus- eyes arent focused together (cross eyed)

Ptosis- drooping of eyelids

161
Q

Strabismus

-what nerve and number

A

3, Occulomotor

162
Q

Ptosis

-what nerve and number

A

3, occulomotor

163
Q

What nerve is 4 and what are its functions

A

eye movement

Trocheal

164
Q

What nerve is 5

  • size
  • names of branches
  • disease associated
A

Trigeminal
-largest cranial nerve
Branches: Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular
-Trigeninal neuralgia (tic douloureux)- pain in the nerve

165
Q

What parts of the body are included in the Ophthalmic branch and what nerve is it part of (name and number)
What is another name for this branch

A

eye, nose, forehead
Trigeminal, 5
V1

166
Q

What parts of the body are included in the Maxillary branch and what nerve is it associated with (name and number)
What is another name for this branch

A

Upper jaw, upper teeth, part of the nose, cheek
Trigeminal, 5
V2

167
Q

What parts of the body are affected by the Mandibular branch
What nerve is it associated with (name and number)
What is another name for the branch

A

Lower jaw, tongue (part of it)
Trigeminal, 5
V3

168
Q

What is pain in the nerve branches of 5 called

What nerve is 5

A

Trigeninal neuralgia

Trigeminal

169
Q

What is nerve 6 and what are its functions

A

Abducens

eye movement

170
Q

What is nerve 7 and what are its functions

A

Facial

Facial expressions

171
Q

What is Bells Palsy and what nerve is it associated with (name and number)

A

half of the face become paralzed and droops, mistaken often for a stroke (eye droops, drooling)
Damage to the facial nerve (7)
Caused by stress or trauma, can go away

172
Q

what is nerve 8 and what are its functions

A

Vestibulocochlear

equilibrium, hearing

173
Q

Tinitus and Vertigo: what are they are what are they caused by

A

-Tinitus: ringing in the ears
-Vertigo: dizziness
Caused by damage to the Vestibulocochlear nerve (8)

174
Q

What is nerve 9 and what are its functions

A

Glossopharyngeal

tongue and throat (swallowing)

175
Q

What is nerve 10 and where is it located

A

Vagus
Called the wanderer because located all over the body
(bad stomach ache could be a heart attack)

176
Q

What is nerve 11 and what are its functions

A

Accessory

Coordinates head movements

177
Q

Function of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and what could be damaged if they arent working

A 
lifting shoulders, turning head 
Accessory nerve (11)
178
Q

Nerve 12 and its function

A

Hypoglossal
Muscles of the tongue, speech and swallowing
Tongue will swerve (angle) to affected side if the nerve is damaged

179
Q

If the tongue swerves to the side, what nerve (name and number) could be damaged

A

Hypoglossal

180
Q

Parts of the brain stem

A

Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

181
Q

Brain stem location

A

Between the spinal cord and the diancephalon

182
Q

Centers of the medulla and their functions

A

Cardiovascular center: rate of the heart

Respiratory center: rhythm of breathing

183
Q

Reflexes of the medulla

A

Vomiting
Swallowing
Hiccuping
Coughing

184
Q

Pons
What part of the brain is it found in
What is it nicknamed and why

A

Brain stem
Bridge
Signals for voluntary movement from the cerebral cortex are related through the pons and into the cerebellum

185
Q

Midbrain
What part of the brain is it in
What is its function

A

Brain stem

Coordinates head eyes and trunk

186
Q

Cerebellum
Size
Location

A

Second largest part of the brain

Inferior and posterior part

187
Q

Primary function of the cerebellum

A

Evaluates how well movements initiated in the cerebrum are being carried out
Coordinates skilled movements

188
Q

Why is the surface area of the cerebellum highly folded

A

So there could be more neurons

189
Q

If the cerebellum is damaged, what disease can you get

A

Ataxia

190
Q

What parts are in the diancephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus

191
Q

Size of the thalamus

Part of the brain

A

Makes up 80% of the diancephalon

192
Q

What is the function of the thalamus

A

Major relay station for most sensory impulses

193
Q

Size of hypothalamus and functions

A

Small
Homeostasis
Comtrols activities of the ANS

194
Q

What does the epithalamus contain

What part of the brain is it in

A

The pineal gland. Secretes melatonin

Diancephalon

195
Q

What is the nickname of the cerebrum

A

Seat of intelligence

196
Q

What is the outer layer of the cerebrum called

A

Cerebral cortex

Gray matter

197
Q

Gyri

A

Folds

198
Q

Fissures

A

Deep grooves between folds

199
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow grooves between the folds

200
Q

What is the most prominent fissure and what does it divide

A

Longitudinal fissure

Divides the cerebrum into right and left halves

201
Q

What part of the brain is the limbic system in

A

Inner layer of the cerebrum

All Freshmen subjects (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions