BIO - Vital Signs Flashcards
Contra/Precautions
Arterial-venous shunt or Axillary node dissection (mastectomy) on the side pressure is taken
No UE - apply from LE
Any deformity/surgical hx that interferes with proper blood flow to UE
BP Parameters
120/80 - normal
140/90 - HTN
180/110 - Stage 3 HTN
Optimal position - seated with arm at level of heart
HR Parameters
60-90BPM - normal (adult)
Respiratory Rate (RR)
25-50RR - newborns
12-20RR - adults
- decr as we age due to decr elasticity/efficiency of lungs
Normal & Abnormal Breath Sounds
Normal: duration inspiratory = expiratory
Abnormal: Crackles/Rales, Wheezes, Stridor
Affecters to BP
1- Cardiac Output (CO): amount of blood pumped out of ventricles
- HR/strove volume (SV): proportional to CO
- more stretched the heart fibers = stronger contraction
- more volume received to ventricles = more output
- Nor/epi influence ventricle contraction
2- Peripheral Resistance: resist to blood flow, BP tends to vary directly with peripheral resist
- incr resist = less arteriole runoff or outflow = high blood volume = HTN
- blood viscosity: thickness
- arteriole diameter
Major Pulse Points
Temporal Artery Facial Artery Common Carotid Artery Brachial Artery Radial Artery Popliteal Artery Posterior Tibial Artery Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Hyperventilation & Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation: fast/deep respiration
Hypoventilation: slow/shallow respiration
Eupnea & Dyspnea
Eupnea: normal breathing
Dyspnea: difficult breathing
Normal breath sounds
vesicular > bronchial > bronchovesicular
vesicular: first 1/3rd of inspiration
bronchial: loud & high pitched (expiration is longer then inspiration)
bronchovesicular: equal inspiration/experiation
Adventitious (abnormal) breath sounds
Crackles: rattling/bubbling sounds (secretions)
Wheeze: high pitched whistling (narrow airway)
Stridor: high pitched crowing (upper airway)
Subcutaneous Emphysema: air in tissue (rice crispies)
