BIO - Lymphatic System

Question 1

Lymphatic System (fxn, structure)

Answer 1

Maintain fluid balance in the internal environment and immunity
Composed of lymph, lymphatic vessels, and isolated structures containing lymphoid tissue
- lymph nodes, aggregated lymphoid nodules, tonsils, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow
Vessels begin in the intercellular spaces of soft tissue (not a closed circuit)

Question 2

Lymphatic distribution

R-lymphatic duct, Thoracic duct

Answer 2

Lymph from R-upper quadrant empties > R- lymphatic duct > R-subclavian vein
Lymph from rest of the body empties > Thoracic duct (originates as the cistern chyle) > L-subclavian vein

Question 3

cistern chyle

Answer 3

Located in abdominal cavity in lumbar region

Absorbs fats from intestinal tract > neck > L-subclavian vein

Question 4

Lymph circulation

Answer 4

One-way valves
Breathing (respiration)
Muscle contractions

Question 5

Structure of Lymph Nodes

Answer 5

Contain cortical nodules (packed with lymphocytes)
Trabeculae (separates nodules)
Cortical/Medullary sinuses contain reticuloendothelial cells (phagocytosis)

Question 6

Location of Lymph Nodes

Answer 6

(group by importance)
preauricular lymph nodes
submental and submaxillary groups
superficial cervical
superficial cubital
axillary
Iliac & inguinal lymph nodes

Question 7

(2) Fxns of Lymph Nodes

Answer 7

Defense - filtration & phagocytosis( destruction/ingestion)

Hematoopoiesis: final maturation of lymph/monocytes

Question 8

Lymphedema (mastectomy)

Answer 8

Lymphedema: swelling associated with mastectomies (removal of breast/lymph vessels)

Question 9

Tonsils

Answer 9

1st line of defense
Trap bacteria (nasal/oral cavity) in tonsillar crypts
Palatine tonsils: side of throat
Pharyngeal tonsils: opening of nasal cavity
Lingual tonsils: base of tongue
Tubal tonsils: opening of auditory tubes

Question 10

Thymus

Answer 10

Single, unpaired organ located in the mediastinum

Fxn: secretes thymosin to allow lymphocytes to produce T cells (attack foreign/abnormal cells)

Question 11

Spleen

Answer 11

Located: below diaphragm, above L-kidney, behind fundus of stomach
Fxns: defense - macrophages/phagocytosis, hematpoiesis - lympho/monocytes completed, RBC/platelet destruction, blood reservoir - response to hemorrhage

Question 12

Innate Immunity & Adaptive Immunity

Answer 12

Innate Immunity: nonspecific defense against any foreign substances
Adaptive Immunity: defense against specific abnormal agents (B & T- Lymphocytes)