BIO - Fluid Balances

Question 1

Total body water composition(young vs older)

Answer 1

Young: highest water body weight

Older adults: lowest body weight (low m mass & sometimes higher body fat)

Question 2

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

Answer 2

Outside of cell
Provides homeostasis for cells (transport subs to/from cell)
Included interstitial fluid & blood plasma (higher protein than interstitial fluid)
Primary cation: Na

Question 3

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

Answer 3

Facilitates chemical rx inside cells

Primary cation: K

Question 4

Input vs. Output of Water

Answer 4

Input: 1) foods, 2) ingested liquids, 3) tissue catabolism
Output: 1) lungs, 2) skin, 3) kidney, 4) large intestine

Question 5

(2) Factors Determine Urine Volume

Answer 5

(1) Glomerular filtration rate remaining constant
(2) Rate of tubular water reabsorption
- ADH (pituitary)
- ANH (heart) & Aldosterone (adrenal cortex)

Question 6

Dehydration (symptoms)

Answer 6

Inadequate intake of fluid and/or excessive loss of fluid

S/S: thirst, dizziness, weak m or spasms, kidney failure

Question 7

ECF- (4) types of pressure

Answer 7

(BCOP) Blood colloid osmotic pressure (into capillaries)
(IFHP) Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (into capillaries)
(BHP) Blood hydrostatic pressure (out of capillaries)
(IFCOP) Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (out of capillaries)

Question 8

BHP (highest) & BCOP (highest)

Answer 8

BHP - highest inside the vessels at the arterial end of capillaries
BCOP- highest inside the vessel at the venous end of capillaries
Both pressures counter from one end to another

Question 9

Edema

Answer 9

Excessive amount of fluid in the interstitial space
Causes:
Retention of electrolytes (especially Na) in
extracellular fluid causing Pitting
-caused by incr aldosterone secretion
Incr blood volume (inflammation)
Decr blood plasma proteins

Question 10

Restoring homeostasis after deydration

Answer 10

ADH released from pituitary (decr water loss) > acts on kidneys (incr water permeability=reabsorption in tubules)
Renin-Angiotensin released from kidneys > Aldosterone released from Adrenal Cortex (incr Na/water reabsorption)

Question 11

Electrolytes

Answer 11

Main factor to fluid balance between interstitial fluid & ICF