Bio unit 3 test - Ecology Flashcards
What levels of organization do ecologists study?
- Species
- Population
- Community
- Ecosystem
Where does the energy for life processes come from?
The sun!
How do nutrients and energy move through living systems?
In ONE direction
What does it measure?
Biomass Pyramid
The amount of living tissue in each level
What does it measure?
Pyramid of Numbers
Represents the number of individuals in each level
What does it measure?
Energy Pyramid
Shows the amount of energy in each trophic level. Only 10% is passed to the next level
How does the greenhouse effect maintain the biosphere’s temperature?
The gases trap heat in the biosphere which maintains temperature.
Both species benefit
Mutualism
One species benefits and the other is uneffected
Commensalism
One species benefits and the other is harmed.
Parasitism
When one organism captures and feeds on another
Predation
Primary succession
On land where no soil exists, or the disturbance removed the soil, example - Volcanic eruption which creates and ecosystem with no soil.
What four characteristics are used to describe a population?
Geographic range
Growth rate
Density
Distribution
Age structure
What factors affect population size?
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Immigration
Emigration
What is an example of a density dependent limiting factor? How are density independent limiting factors different?
Density dependent is A limiting factor that depends on the size of a population while a density independent factor is A limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways regardless of their size
