Bio unit 2 Flashcards
What does the nucleus of a cell contain?
Chromosomes made of DNA molecules.
What does each chromosome contain?
A large number of genes
How are chromosomes found in body cells?
in pairs
What are the series of stages called in which cells divide in?
cell cycle
What is the stage in the cell cycle where the cells divide?
mitosis
Stages of cell cycle:
-Before a cell can divide it needs to grow and increase the number of sub-celluar structures such as ribosomes and mitochondria.
-The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome.
- In mitosis one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides.
-The cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form two identical cells.
What happens in the cell structure?
the genetic material is doubled and then divided into 2 identical cells
Why do mutlicelluar oraganisms use mitosis?
To grow or replace damaged cells
What is a stem cell?
An undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of giving rise to many more cells of the same type, and from which certain other cells can arise from differentiation.
What can stem cells from embryos be used for?
they can be cloned and made to differentiate into most different types of human cells.
What can stem cells from adult bone marrow be used for?
to form many types of cells, including blood cells
What can meristem tissues in plants use for?
to differentiate into any type of plant cell, throughout the life of the plant.
What type of treatment can help conditions like diabetes and paralysis?
treatment with stem cells
What happens in theraputic cloning?
An embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient. Stem cells from the embryo are not rejected by the patients body and can be used for medical treatment.
What are the potential risks of using stem cells?
a transfer of viral infections, ethical or religious issues.
