BIO TEST 4 - LECTURE 4 STUDY GUIDE

Question 1

According to the Fermentation video, which of these is not the four kinds of cells that can handle the no oxygen environment (i.e. do not have to complete aerobic cellular respiration)?

Answer 1

bacteria, archaea, yeast, muscle cells

Question 2

According to the Fermentation video, does fermentation produce more or less ATP than aerobic respiration? (and also know why)

Answer 2

Fermentation
makes less ATP
no oxygen

Question 3

Which statement does not accurately describe the steps of ethanol fermentation? Know the diagram we discussed on chapter seven slide twenty-four.

Answer 3

3 STEPS
1.GLYCOLYSIS HAS TO HAPPEN FIRST

2.PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLATION (TAKES AWAY CARBON AND OXYGEN) TO CREATE ACETALDEHYDE.

3. ACETALDEHYDE + NADH——> ETHANOL (ALCOHOL) +NAD(+)

Question 4

84. Why is it bad if an organism keeps on completing ethanol fermentation within a closed container where the ethanol cannot escape as it is created?

Answer 4

YEAST CELLS CAN ONLY HANDLE 12% ETHANOL BEFORE IT KILLS THEM

(ONLY IS THEY ARE IN A CLOSED CONTAINER)

Question 5

85. Which statement does not accurately describe the steps of lactic fermentation? Know the diagram we discussed on chapter seven slide twenty-five.

Answer 5

1. Glycolysis: you end up with pyruvate, a 3 carbon molecule.
2. Lactate: Then you have to add NADH that was created during NADH. Remove H, add it
   to the pyruvate and then Lactate is created. NAD+ will now be available to refill again, in
   glycolysis or during aerobic respiration.
   ➢ Muscle cells in mammals do this when there’s no oxygen.

Question 6

86. Why is it a bad thing if an organism produced too much lactate during the fermentation process within the muscle cells?

Answer 6

EXCESS LACTATE IS BAD. MUSCLES WON’T WORK PROPERLY. SCAR TISSUE BUILDUP. NO FLEXIBILITY

Question 7

87. Glucose is not the only source of energy for our bodies. Which of these macromolecules can also be broken down for energy? (know the information we discussed on the chart on chapter seven slide twenty-seven)

Answer 7

Fat, lipids, sugar

Question 8

88. Which statement describes deamination? (only know the information we discussed in class)

Answer 8

the breakdown of proteins

Question 9

89. Which statement describes β-oxidation? (only know the information we discussed in class)

Answer 9

BETA OXIDATION-
THE BREAKDOWN OF FATS
FATTY ACID GLYCEROL IS BROKEN DOWN USING REDOX REACTIONS AND YOU END UP WITH ACETYL-COA

Question 10

90. The respiration of a six-carbon fatty acid yields __________ (percent) more ATP than the respiration of glucose. Fill in the blank.

Answer 10

20%

Question 11

91. A fatty acid will also weigh ___________ (percent or fraction) less than a glucose molecule of the same size (so it can contain more kilocalories in less space). Fill in the blank.

Answer 11

2/3

Question 12

92. According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, about how long ago did the first organism use the process of photosynthesis?

Answer 12

450 million years ago

Question 13

93. According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, what three physical components (morphological parts) allow vascular plants to complete photosynthesis?

Answer 13

chlorophyll, xylem, stromata

Question 14

94. According to the video Photosynthesis: Crash Course Biology #8, within a chloroplast, there is a thylakoid which stores chlorophyll. The thylakoids are stacked into _____________, inside the thylakoids is the ______________, and outside the thylakoids (and technically surrounding it) is the _______________. Fill in the blanks.

Answer 14

grana, lumen, stroma

Question 15

95. Photosynthesis cannot occur in which of these organisms?

Answer 15

Photosynthesis can occur in the following: Bacteria (some), Algae + Protists, leaves and stems of plants

Question 16

96. Which statement describes the overall steps of the light-dependent reactions occurring during photosynthesis?

Answer 16

1(need sunlight energy to make atp and NADPH), have chloroplast 2, then can start process

Question 19

98. What is the overall equation of the process of photosynthesis? (i.e. know all reactants and products we discussed)

Answer 19

6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy → Glucose (carbon fixation) + 6H2O + 6O2

Question 20

99. Chloroplasts carry out the photosynthetic process. Know the different parts of the chloroplast we discussed in class (i.e. be able to label the different parts)

Answer 20

outer membrane, stroma, thylakoid, granum, lamella, inner membrane

Question 21

100. Where within a chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 21

thykaloid

Question 22

102. _______________ are found within thylakoids and are capable of capturing photons which are used as energy during the photosynthetic process. Fill in the blank.

Answer 22

PHOTOSYSTEM