BIO TEST 4 - LECTURE 1 STUDY GUIDE (PT.1) Flashcards
What is the definition of energy?
The capacity to do work
what is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
Kinetic energy: using energy to do something → energy of motion
Potential energy: storing energy for later
_______________ occurs when energy is transferred from one molecule to another and are used in many different biological processes. Fill in the blank.
redox reactions
What is the difference between reduction and oxidation processes?
oxidation →loss of electrons
vs.
reduction → gaining electrons
__________________ is the ability of organisms to store energy in molecules by transferring electrons (i.e. energy) to them. Fill in the blank.
reducing power
Which statement describes any information discussed in class regarding the First Law of Thermodynamics?
The First Law of Thermodynamics:
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only change from one form to another
What is often a byproduct of a chemical reaction (according to the First Law of Thermodynamics)?
heat
Which statement describes any information discussed in class regarding the Second Law of Thermodynamics?
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
random molecular motion (entropy) in the universe is continuously increasing, disorder is more likely than order
What is the definition of either (a) entropy, (b) or free energy?
Entropy: The measure of disorder in a system
Free Energy: The energy available to break or form other chemical bonds
What is the equation for Gibbs free energy?
G = H – TS
H is enthalpy
T is temperature
S is entropy
- the amount of energy available to break and subsequently form other chemical bonds, energy available to do work
What does each letter represent (the word and what it means) within the equation for Gibbs free energy?
G = H – TS
H is enthalpy
T is temperature
S is entropy
-when h is subtracted from TH, this tells one Gibbs Free Energy, the amount available to actually do something in the body
What is the difference between an endergonic and exergonic reaction?
Endergonic- reaction that requires input of energy (+G)
Exergonic- reaction that releases the excess free energy as heat (–G)
What is the definition of activation energy?
Activation Energy- the energy required to destabilize existing chemical bonds;
Energy needed to start a reaction
How are catalysts useful for completing chemical reactions?
If someone uses a catalyst, reaction activated energy is lessened
If not using a catalyst it requires more activation energy to begin chemical reaction
Which statement does not describe the structure of ATP?
ATP:
Nucleotide with 3 smaller components:
- Ribose
- Adenine nitrogen group
- Triphosphate group
Main component of monomer is nucleotide
