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.4 > BIO TEST 4 - LECTURE 3 STUDY GUIDE > Flashcards

BIO TEST 4 - LECTURE 3 STUDY GUIDE Flashcards

1
Q
  1. After NADH is produced from the process of glycolysis, which statement does not describe how can it be used within the cell?
A

Aerobic Respiration, Fermentation → Acetaldehyde, Lactic Acid & Ethanol

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2
Q
  1. Once glycolysis is complete, the first step within the first process of aerobic respiration is the oxidation of pyruvate. Where in the mitochondria does this process take place?
A

the intermembrane space

(in between outer membrane and matrix membrane)

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3
Q
  1. Once glycolysis is complete, the first step within the first process of aerobic respiration is the oxidation of pyruvate. What is the equation of this process?
A

Pyruvate + NAD+ +CoA → Acetyl - CoA + NADH

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4
Q
  1. After pyruvate oxidation is complete, acetyl Co-A is produced. Which statement describes a way acetyl-CoA can be used within your body?
A

energy storage and the krebs cycle

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5
Q
  1. After pyruvate oxidation is complete, acetyl Co-A is produced. Acetyl Co-A can then be used within your cells in two main ways. ________________ takes place if the ATP level is high within the cell and _______________ takes place if the ATP level is low within your cell. Fill in the blanks.
A
  1. Energy/Fat Storage
  2. Krebs Cycle
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6
Q
  1. Where within the mitochondria does the Krebs cycle (the citric acid cycle) take place?
A

Mitochondrial matrix

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7
Q
  1. Which statement describes any steps, reactants, or products of segment A of the Krebs cycle?
A

Acetyl-CoA is bonded with a 4-carbon molecule and a six-carbon molecule, citrate

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8
Q
  1. Which statement describes any steps, reactants, or products of segment B of the Krebs cycle?
A

A six-carbon molecule is decarboxylated to form C02

(carbon dioxide)

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9
Q
  1. Which statement describes any steps, reactants, or products of segment C of the Krebs cycle?
A

A 4-carbon molecule is oxidized to add hydrogen to create FADH2

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10
Q
  1. Where within the mitochondria does the ETC (electron transport chain) take place?
A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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11
Q
  1. What is the proper order of the enzymes and carriers used within the electron transport chain?
A

NADH Dehydrogenase → Ubiquinone (Q) → BC1 Complex → Cytochrome c → Cytochrome Oxidase

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12
Q
  1. The electron transport chain is an area the accepts the electrons transferred within the mitochondria that consist of a series of membrane-associated proteins. What is the function of NADH dehydrogenase within the ETC?
A

removes its hydrogen and becomes NAD+

Hydrogen will go to an area and drive a gradient that eventually powers the pump

energy is being released because the bond breaks

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13
Q
  1. The electron transport chain is an area the accepts the electrons transferred within the mitochondria that consist of a series of membrane-associated proteins. What is the function of Ubiquinone (Q) within the ETC?
A

carrier that passes the electrons along the electron chain

transferring electrons as they’re simultaneously being created from broken bonds

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14
Q
  1. The electron transport chain is an area the accepts the electrons transferred within the mitochondria that consist of a series of membrane-associated proteins. What is the function of the BC1 complex within the ETC?
A

ACTIVELY PUMPS A TON A OF HYDROGENS
PROTON PUMP

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15
Q
  1. The electron transport chain is an area the accepts the electrons transferred within the mitochondria that consist of a series of membrane-associated proteins. What is the function of Cytochrome c within the ETC?
A

Another carrier that moves electrons along the chain

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16
Q
  1. The electron transport chain is an area the accepts the electrons transferred within the mitochondria that consist of a series of membrane-associated proteins. What is the function of Cytochrome oxidase within the ETC?
A

it’ll take any leftover hydrogens you have to form water

ALLOWS: a high concentration gradient in the intermembrane space.

17
Q
  1. Which statement accurately describes how the ATP is produced at the end of the ETC (know ALL information we discussed about the proton gradient and how it works)?
A

The hydrogen comes in through the pump, being turned like a turbine, to create ATP

18
Q
  1. What occurs during the process of chemiosmosis?
A

Producing ATP

19
Q
  1. The electron transport chain is an area the accepts the electrons transferred within the mitochondria that consist of a series of membrane-associated proteins. What is the function of ATP synthase within the ETC?
A

Enzyme used to create ATP. Powered by the concentration gradient. Means you are synthesizing ATP.

20
Q
  1. Which statement does not describe a step of the electrons transport chain (ETC)?
A
  1. Electrons harvested and carried to the transport System
  2. Electrons provide energy to pump protons across the membrane

3.Oxygen joins with protons to form water

  1. Protons diffuse back down their concentration Gradient driving this synthesis of ATP
21
Q
  1. What is the theoretical and actual yield of ATP produced by aerobic respiration in eukaryotes?
A

36 and 30

22
Q
  1. Why is the actual yield of ATP produced during aerobic respiration less than the theoretical yield which should occur? (know the two reasons we discussed in class)
A

leaking in the inner mitochondrial matrix and all the hydrogens travel through the synthase

go from high to low concentration (proton gradient)

23
Q
  1. Due to varying reasonings discussed in class, aerobic respiration only uses ___________ (percent) of energy within one original glucose molecule. Fill in the blank.
A

32%

24
Q
  1. Aerobic respiration has different control points along its enzymatic pathway to not allow it to continue unless needed. One of the first control points occurs during glycolysis using the enzyme called phosphofructokinase. What things occurring in your cell can turn this enzymes on and off? (know all the conditions we discussed in class)
A

High levels of ADP → process turns on (means you want to create ATP)
High ATP present → this will stay off (can only hold so much)

25
Q
  1. Aerobic respiration has different control point along its enzymatic pathway to not allow it to continue unless needed. The second control point occurs right before the Krebs cycle begins using the enzyme called pyruvate dehydrogenase. What things occurring in your cell can turn this enzymes on and off? (know all the conditions we discussed in class)
A

Low levels of Citrate →cycle will begin

High levels of Citrate → cycle won’t begin

High NADH → turn off (no reason to produce anymore)

Low levels of NADH → turns on (you probably need the energy)

26
Q
  1. Aerobic respiration has different control points along its enzymatic pathway to not allow it to continue unless needed. The third control point occurs at the beginning of the Krebs cycle using the enzyme called citrate synthase. What things occurring in your cell can turn this enzymes on and off? (know all the conditions we discussed in class)
A

High levels of ATP → turn off (not need to create process)
Low levels of ATP → turn on to create ATP

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