Bio Tech

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

The articulation of the genes controlling a given trait

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

The appearance of the trait

Question 3

Incomplete dominance

Answer 3

Offspring displays a mixture the parental characteristics.

Question 4

Sex-linked characteristics

Answer 4

Genes that are on the X chromosome

Question 5

Autosomal chromosomes

Answer 5

Chromosomes other than the X and Y chromosomes

Question 6

Any genes on the X chromosome in males are on their own, If the one gene is defective,

Answer 6

defects will be expressed

Question 7

Sickle cell anemia:

Answer 7

is an autosomal recessive disease and causes impairment in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions

Question 8

An individual with blood type A

Answer 8

may carry the gene for blood type O

Question 9

Autosomal dominant diseases

Answer 9

are expressed in all bearers of the defective gene

Question 10

If you are a color blind male:

Answer 10

none of your sons will be color-blind

Question 11

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer 11

The use of heat to denature a strand of DNA, ending up with two strands. A primer, Anneal, is used to signal the starting point for the elongation of the DNA strand by Taq polymerase. Nucleotides are added.

Question 12

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer 12

The process of separating fragments of DNA based on size with the use of electrical charge in Gel.

Question 13

Reverse Transcriptase

Answer 13

Makes cDNA in a test tube. This enzyme makes a DNA strand complementary to RNA molecules used as a template.

Question 14

rDNA

Answer 14

contains a segment of DNA from a foreign source

Question 15

Restrictive enzymes

Answer 15

will dissect DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, are naturally occurring, exist in great variety, and cut the DNA so as to create sticky ends.

Question 16

Sequencing DNA

Answer 16

Can be done using a combo of chemicals that stop synthesis at known points and separate segments of DNA of different length by gel electrophoresis and using DNA probes that have the mirror of the base sequences you are looking for.

Question 17

Vectors

Answer 17

are a form of genetic material suitable for transport into living cells and include artificial chromosome

Question 18

Artificial chromosomes

Answer 18

contain telomeres, a centromere, and a binding site for DNA polymerase

Question 19

Altering the genome of a cell

Answer 19

may cause chromosomal damage, interrupt normal gene expression, cause cancer,
requires the use of a vector to introduce new genetic material,
can be done in the form of artificial chromosomes,
has been done successfully in human clinical trials.

Question 20

Microarrays

Answer 20

are a collective of DNA fragments from a specific genome, such as a specialized cell

Question 21

Nuclear probes

Answer 21

are used to find a given base sequence within a DNA fragment, rely on the inclination of single-stranded DNA to mate with single strands with matching base sequences, carry either a fluorescent or a radioactive label, and provide a means to visualize a gene.

Question 22

DNA Ligase is important because

Answer 22

It induces the union of single-stranded DNA segments with matching base pairs into a double-stranded segment and enables hybridization

Question 23

The sticky ends created by restriction enzymes are important because

Answer 23

they provide a means to insert new DNA with matching base pairs into a given DNA segment.

Question 24

Undifferentiated Cells

Answer 24

also known as stem cells. These cells are unspecialized cells that have the ability to reproduce indefinitely. Stem cells are considered primitive and when found in a given organ, appear to differentiate into cells found in that organ.

Question 25

Differentiated Cells

Answer 25

or grown up cells, are usually highly specialized cells and are fully developed. Their appearance and cellular chemistry are devoted to their particular function.

Question 26

SCNT

Answer 26

is used extensively to clone animals. SCNT is a method of developing a cell that behaves like an embryonic stem cell but contains the genetic material derived from an adult cell.

Question 27

Transgenic organisms

Answer 27

contain foreign genes inserted through lab techniques.

Question 28

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Answer 28

Cells that give rise to blood cells. These cells derive from bone marrow.

Question 29

DNA is not foolproof because

Answer 29

Samples could be altered, and DNA pattern may be found in both the suspect’s DNA and someone’s DNA.