BIO: Semester II FInal Exam Review Packet Flashcards
Meiosis, Mitosis, Pedigrees, Punnet squares, genetics, sex-linked traits, evolution, Classifying, Wetlands, Carbon, Climate change, Carbon Cycle, Ecology, Trophic level Organization, and Population Dynamics.
During which meiotic phase does crossing-over occur?
Prophase 1
When homologous chromosomes pair up during Meiosis I, they form a structure called a(n)
tetrad.
How many cells result in meiosis from one starting cell?
4
In a male, these cells are called__, and in a female these cells are called __, but together, they are referred to as __.
Y, X, Sex-chromosomes
What form of reproduction are we talking about in humans?
Sexual reproduction
Gametes are __ because they contain half the chromosome number.
Haploid
During what stage of cell cycle does the chromatin replicate?
S-phase
All other body are _ and have a full set chromosomes.
diploid.
Is diploid represented by 2n or n?
2n
A chromosome consists of two __ attached at a point called the __.
Chromatid, centeromere
HOw many division does a cell undergo in meiosis?
2
How many divisions does a cell undergo in mitosis?
1
During which phase do homologous chromosomes separate?
anaphase
Durning which meiotic phase do sister chromatids separate?
anaphase II
Meiosis starts with a 2n cell and ends with a __ cell.
4 haploid??
In humans, body cells contain __chromosomes.
46,23
A unit of DNA that codes for a specific trait is called a
gene
How many divisions occur during Meiosis?
2
Crossing over occurs during __ during meiotic process.
Prophase I
A__ cell has half the number of chromosomes as a normal body cell.
Haploid
During __tetrads are pulled apart and chromosomes move toward opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase 1
Chromosomes are tightly wound strands of
DNA
What is the study of life?
Biology
The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is known as
homeostasis.
What is another term for the trophic level where green plants are?
Producer (autotroph)
A(n) __ is an organism that feeds on dead matter.
Decomposer
__is another term for a 2nd or 3rd order heterotroph.
consumer
All the interacting populations within an area and the abiotic factors of the environment are known as a(n)
Ecosystem
The term for the place where an organism lives out its existence is the organism’s
environment
In population studies, and S-shaped curve is also known as a(n)__ growth curve.
Logistic
__is when two species are trying to use the same resource.
Competition
Another term for death is
Mortality
__ is the symbiotic relations where on species benefits, but the other species is harmed.
Parasitism
A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area at the same time is known as a(n)__
population
For any populations, __ and __ would be considered density-dependent limits on that population.
Food, water, shelter, disease, predators
An organism that can create its own food is known as a(n)__
autotroph
the maximum number of organisms of a particular species that the ecosystem can support is known as a species __
Carrying Capacity.
Both __ and __ would be acceptable terms for an organism that consumed only plant material in its diet.
herbivore, 1st order heterotroph
The symbiotic relationship in which both the species benefit is known as
mutualism
the non-living aspects of the environment are called
abiotic
What is the term for the processes that keeps the Earth’s atmosphere warm?
Green house effects
__ is the term for any organism that must eat another organism to survive.
Heterotroph
__ is another term for birth
natality
__ and/or __ need to be greater than __ and/or __for the size of a population to decrease.
consumer, heterotroph, producer, autotroph
__ is the symbiotic relationship where one species benefits, and the other species is neither harmed nor benefited.
Commensalism
Lichen is an example of the symbiotic relationship known as __, and is between species of a(n)__ and a(n)__.
mutualism, algae, fungus
WHo is known as the Father of Modern Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
The actual allele combo that cannot be visually observed is an organism __
genotype
__ occurs when chromosomes do not separate out properly during meiosis.
Non-dijunction
Down syndrome is also knows as__ because it is the result of being born with three #21 chromosomes.
Trisomy
Organizing chromosomes by size and number is called a(n) __and can be used to evaluate a person for chromosomal disorders.
Karyotype
__ is the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring.
Heredity
The 22 pairs of chromosomes, excluding the sex chromosomes are called
autosomes
When a red snapdragon with a white snapdragon, and the resulting offspring is a pink snapdragon. THis is an example of __dominance.
Co
Blood typing shows us one example of __dominance.
Co
The single most valuable characteristic used to classify organisms is
structure
Two organisms classified in the same family MUST BE in the same
order, class, phylum, and kingdom.
Staring at species, list the taxonomic categories in order until you get to kingdom.
Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom
What is an autotroph?
An organism that can produce its own food for energy.
A biologist who specializes in the classification of animals, plants, and microorganism is called
taxonomist
Who developed the binomial nomenclature system?
Carolus Linnaeus
Structures that have a similar embryological origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a porpoise’s flipper and a human arm are called
homologous structures
Who journeyed on the HMS Beagle
Charles Darwin.
