BIO CH 1: Part 1: cellular reproduction

Question 1

___: the structure that contains DNA (and therefore the genetic material), only present during cell division.

Answer 1

Chromosome

Question 2

___: segment of DNA that codes for a specific polypeptide.

Answer 2

Gene

Question 3

____: the way DNA exist most of the time; long strands like spaghetti. Form only after replication

Answer 3

Chromatin

Question 4

____ ______: the sequence of growth and division of cell.

Answer 4

Cell cycle

Question 5

Chromosome looks like (X) because a copy of __ ___.

Answer 5

sister chromatin.

Question 6

G2 has __ more DNA than G1.

Answer 6

twice

Question 7

two general periods of the Cell cycle:

Answer 7

growth and division

Question 8

Process of Cell reproduction is :

Answer 8

interphase → mitosis →cytokinesis

Question 9

true or false, interphase is the majority of cells life.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Interphase Process includes:

1. ___ - cell growth and protein synthesis. (carries on metabolic activity).
2. ___- Chromatin is copied through the process of DNA replication.
3. ___- Growth occur again, organelles and parts for cll division are made.

Answer 10

G1 cell growth and protein production.
S cell copies its chromosomes
G2 cell enter another growth period where organelles are manufactured.

Question 11

Mitosis

1. __ __: process where 2 daughter cells are formed each containing a complete set of chromosomes.
2. __ new “identical” daughter cells are produced each with a new set of chromosomes.
3. Folowing the mitosis, the cytoplasm __, separating the two daughter cells.
   - __ stages of mitosis

Answer 11

nuclear division
2
divides
4
- occurs when cell is near its maximum attainable size.

Question 12

4 stages of mitosis:

1. __: the chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes.
2. ___: the chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle.
3. ___: the centromeres split and their sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell, and spindle fibers shorten.
4. ___: two distinct daughter cells are formed. The cells separate as the cell cycle proceeds into the next interphase.

Answer 12

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 13

Prophase

• chromatin coils up into visible chromosome
• ___ __: 2 halves of double structure.
• sister chromatid is held together by ___.
• ____ begins to disappear as the nuclear envelope, the nucleolus disintegrates.
• ___ forms between centrosomes.

Answer 13

sister chromatid
nucleus
spindle

Question 14

Metaphase

• chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers by their ___.
• the chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle.

Answer 14

centromeres

Question 15

Anaphase

• the centromeres _____ and the sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
• spindle fibers ___.
• former sister chromatin __.

Answer 15

split
shorten
separate

Question 16

Telophase

• two distinct __ cells are formed. The cells separate as the cell cycle proceeds into the next interphase.
• chromatids reach opposite poles
• unravel
• metabolic activity restarts.
• spindle breaks down
• nucleolus and nuclear membranes appear and separate the two new nuclei.

Answer 16

daughter

Question 17

Cytokinesis

• starts during telophase
• ___ dividing

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

Cytokinesis for ANIMAL CELLS:

Answer 18

• plasma membrane pinches in along the equator resulting in 2 new cells/

Question 19

Cytokinesis for PLANT CELLS:

Answer 19

cell plate is laid down across the cells equator. Cell membrane forms around each cell, and new cell walls form on each side of the cell plate until separation is complete.