BIO CH 4: Part 1: Evolution

Question 1

__: the concept was first proposed in the lated 1700s. These are Genetic changes with in a species over time which creates diversity. (time is relative). In 1859 both Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace published papers explaining the “how” this is possible.

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Who proposed the mechanism for evolution was the process of natural selection after a 5 year voage on the HMS Beagle ( 1835)

Answer 2

Charles Darwin

Question 3

Importance of Galapagos.. 600 miles off the coast of …

Volcanic recently formed ( 5 miles to 100,000). Species had to come from elsewhere.

Answer 3

South America

Question 4

__: a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature.

Answer 4

Species

Question 5

__: a species that is found no where else, only in that area.

Answer 5

Endemic Species

Question 6

__: role an organism has in its environment, including all abiotic and biotic factors ( what it eats, its habitat, its predators etc._

Answer 6

niche

Question 7

__: group of organisms of all the same species, interbreeding and living in the same space at the same time.

Answer 7

Population

Question 8

__: development of a structure behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factor and live to produce offspring.

Answer 8

Adaptation

Question 9

adaptations must be of __ in order to be passed on to offspring.

Answer 9

genetic origin

Question 10

Process of Natural Selection:

Answer 10

organisms in nature typically would produce more offspring than can survive and reproduce.
Competition ( variation, sexual reproduction)
These offspring possess variations that are heritable.
If some offspring have traits that are more helpful they will survive better, reproduce and pass on those helpful traits.
As differences continue to accumulate over generation, populations of organisms differ from their ancestors.

Question 11

__: genes of a species, all possible alleles to be passed on.

Answer 11

gene pool

Question 12

__: the speciation of a single or a few species to fill many niches. Dispersal →adaptation→ Speciation.

Answer 12

adaptive radiation

Question 13

___: a geographic barrier divides a population (river or canyon)
__: a population is divided due to habitat preference.

Answer 13

Geographic barrier (allopatirc speciation)
Sympatric speciation

Question 14

__: the average length of time between the birth of the parents and the birth of their offspring.

Answer 14

Generation

Question 15

__: biological barriers that prevent members of two species from producing fertile, viable offspring ( post-zygote=mule)

Answer 15

reproductive isolation

Question 16

__: the remains of plant and animals laid down in sedimentary rock.SHow that here was a huge variety of living things in the past. Shows some extinct species that may be transitional between 2 other major species.

Answer 16

Fossil record

Question 17

__: many groups of species share the same types of body structures.

• __: Share a common origin (bird wing vs human arm)
• __: similar function but not common origin( same function but different materials).
• __: a body structure in a present day organism that no longer serves its purpose, but was useful in an ancestor species.

Answer 17

Anatomical similarities of related life forms
-homologous structures
-analogous
vestigial

Question 18

__: embryos show features not seen in the fully developed animal. Closely related species show similarities ( whales have limb buds)

Answer 18

Embryological Similarities

Question 19

__: all living organism contain DNA which performs the same process in all. The more similar the DNA, the more closely related the organism.

Answer 19

Biochemistry and genetic similarities

Question 20

__: closely related species with close distribution ( past and present)

Answer 20

Geographic distribution of related species

Question 21

__: to name only a couple: antibiotic resistant bacteria

Answer 21

Observable genetic changes in living organisms.

Question 22

__: the evolution of new species. New species can no longer interbreed with each other similar species.( reproductive isolation)

Answer 22

Speciation

Question 23

__: when species diverge (separate) into separate species, often with homologous structures).

Answer 23

Divergent Evolution

Question 24

_: organisms not closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or niches. ( kangaroo and white tail deer skulls)

Answer 24

Convergent Evolution

Question 25

Speciation occurs quickly, in rapid bursts with long periods of genetic equilibrium in between.

Answer 25

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 26

How does New Genetic Info get Into Populations?

Answer 26

mutations ( spontaneous changes in genetic code) or migration (movement of individual into or out of population.

Question 27

__: pure chance that some individuals in a population produce more offspring than others. Often due to natural disasters or division of a larger population into a smaller sample group. ( bottle neck effect)

Answer 27

Genetic Drift