BIO CH 2: Part 1: Inherited Genetics Flashcards
Inherited Genetics
Who is the Father of Modern Genetics?
- Austrian Monk
- Mid 1800s
- Studied heredity
Gregor Mendel
__: the passing on of characteristics (traits) from parent offspring.
Heredity
__: branch of biology that studies heredity.
Genetics
What did Mendel do?
- Crossed Tall pea plants with short pea plants (P1 generation).
- All the offspring (F1 generation were Tall)
- When the F1 generation reproduced, 1 in 4 of their offspring (F2 generation) were short and 3 in 4 were tall.
Mendel’s Conclusions
- He did the same experiment with _ differ traits ( plant height, pod shape..)
- Concluded that two (2)”factors” aka (__) control each trait.
- 7
- genes on chromosomes
Genes exist as alternative forms called __.
alleles.
Each allele is located on one __ ( you inherit one form __ __)
- Homologous chromosome
- Each parent
Mendel called the “observed” trait ___ ( for example tallness in the F1 generation).
dominant
THe trait that “disappeared”, he called __ (for example the shortness in the F1 generation).
Recessive
__ __ __: every individual has 2 alleles of each gene and when gametes are produced, each gamete receives on of these alleles.
Law of Segregation
__: the way an organism looks externally.
-the plant is tall or short.
Phenotype
__: the allele combination organism processes.
genotype
__: when the alleles for a trait are the same. (TT or tt)
homozygous
__: when the alleles for a trait are different ( Tt)
Heterozygous
a __ __ is a chart which shows and predicts all possible gene allele combos in a cross of parents ( whose gene alleles are known).
Punnet square
Punnet square named after english geneticist:
Reginald Punnet
___: in the heterozygote both alleles will be completely expressed ( 2 phenotypes) (exp?)
-Antigan:
Codominance
blood typing
surface marker
- In blood, the gene I codes for a ….
- If cells with differ surface molecules (blood type) enter your body you…
- molecule attached to your blood cells surface.
- immune system attack them.
In blood, the ‘?’ allele is dominant in the I allele.
‘I’
___: occurs when neither allele in the heterozygous form is truly dominant. Results in a heterozygous offspring with a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygous parents ( 1 phenotype).
Incomplete dominance
