Bio-Pac 04: Vocabulary Flashcards
Chromosome
The structures that contain DNA and become darkly colored when stained
Interphase
The growth period of the cell cycle. The period that a cell’s life is mostly spent in because it is carrying out the activities of interphase .
Cell Plate
The thing that divides the cell in half.
Cancer
Cell death, or the uncontrolling dividing of cells. This can result from the failure to produce certain enzymes, or from the overproduction or production at the wrong time of other enzymes .
Gene
A segment of DNA that controls the production of protein .
Contact Inhibition
A phenomenon in control of the cell cycle. Cells will stop dividing when they cover the bottom of the dish, meaning that when they come in contact of one another. Contact inhibition is a type of cell-to-cell communication. Cells communicate to each other by producing and secreting chemical signals. When changes occur in the genetic control of these chemicals, cancer can result .
Skin cancer is caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun. People most common to get it are with fair skin because they don’t contain the protective pigment melanin.
Basal Cell Carcinoma
The most common type of skin cancer; it is relatively harmless. These cells damaged by ultraviolet light form precancerous growths that can be removed easily .
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Precancerous growths produced by sun-damaged basal cells can also become squamous cell carcinoma. It is the second most common type of skin cancer. These cells are red or pink tumors that grow rapidly and spread rapidly. These can only be removed by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy .
Malignant melanoma
The most lethal type of skin cancer. These currently make up three percent of all skin cancers. Their incidence is growing faster than any other kind of skin cancer. This cancer forms in pigment-producing cell found deep within the skin .
Cytokinesis
This phase after mitosis marks the end of cell division. Cytokinesis is the dividing of cytoplasm. Cleavage Furrow meets in the center of the cell and pinches the cell into two, complete daughter cells. Daughter chromosomes return to thin, long and indistinguishable form of chromatin. Daughter cells begin Growth 1.The cells formed are not physically identical, but genetically .
Cleavage Furrow
Forms on the outside edges at the equator and start pinching inwards. It meets in the center of the cell and pinch the cell into two, complete new daughter cells .
