Bio-Pac 03: Vocabulary

Question 1

Permeable

Answer 1

The property of a membrane that allows some materials to pass through while keeping other out.

Question 2

Brownian Motion

Answer 2

Noticed that the pollen grains suspended in water and dye particles in water moved in constantly in little jerks, as if they were being struck by invisible objects. The Brownian motion is the random motion of living and nonliving molecules because of invisible objects moving the tiny visible particles.

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion results from the random movements of particles. Dynamic Equilibrium: there is continuous movement but no overall change.

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. Osmosis can occur in an isotonic, hypotonic-cytolysis-animal cells will burst from the turgor pressure, or hypertonic solution-plasmolysis-plant or animal cells will lose too much water at a time and shrivel up .

Question 5

Turgor Pressure

Answer 5

The pressure that exists in a cell.

Question 6

Contractile Vacuole

Answer 6

Protists/unicellular organisms don’t swell because of the contractile vacuole. It is a vacuole that continually gets rid of excess water from cells .

Question 7

Plasmolysis

Answer 7

Loss of water from a cell, resulting in a drop in turgor pressure which weakens the support of the cell.

Question 8

Transport Proteins

Answer 8

Some of the proteins that are in the lipid bilayer that act as transport proteins. They allow needed substances or waste materials to move through the plasma membrane. The transport proteins will function in a variety of ways to transport molecules and ions across the membrane.

Question 9

Passive Transport

Answer 9

The movement that requires no energy from the cell and moves particles across membranes by diffusion. Facilitated Diffusion-the passive transport of materials across the plasma membrane by means of transport proteins.

Question 10

Active Transport

Answer 10

Transport of materials against a concentration gradient requires energy. Particles move from an area of low concentration to an area or low concentration. Endocytosis-a process in which the cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment. This material does not pass through the membrane but is engulfed and enclosed by the membrane. That portion then breaks away and the resulting vacuole with its contents moves into the cell. Exocytosis-the reverse process of endocytosis. It expels wastes, such as indigestible , and secretes substances produced by the cell, hormones. Both endocytosis and exocytosis both move masses of material, and both require energy, making them both active transport.

Question 11

Chlorophyll

Answer 11

Green substance found in leaves.

Question 12

Photolysis

Answer 12

The splitting of water during photosynthesis .

Question 13

Chemosynthesis

Answer 13

Is a process by which an autotroph (bacteria) obtains energy from inorganic compounds instead of light.

Question 14

Glycolysis

Answer 14

the anaerobic process of splitting glucose and forming two molecules of pyruvic acid.

Question 15

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 15

Respiration-the process by which food molecules are broken down to release energy. An aerobic respiration requires oxygen to take place.

Question 16

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 16

Respiration-the process by which food molecules are broken down to release energy. An anaerobic does not require oxygen. Anaerobic processes are simple and yield energy quickly; however the energy payoff is much greater when molecules are broken down aerobically.

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

At the end of glycolysis, each glucose molecule has been broken down to two pyruvic acid molecules. If no oxygen is available to carry on aerobic respiration, the pyruvic acid molecules can be changed further without oxygen in an anaerobic process called fermentation. No additional ATP is formed during this process. There are two main types of fermentation, lactic acid fermentation—pyruvic acid changes to lactic acid, and alcoholic fermentation—pyruvic acid changes to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide .

Question 18

Guard Cell

Answer 18

To help reduce water loss from transpiration, the size of the pore is reduced by guard cells .

Question 19

Mesophyll

Answer 19

Beneath the cuticle covered epidermis are two layers of mesophyll—the photosynthetic tissue of a leaf, it is made up of two types of parenchyma. The veins of vascular tissue run through the mesophyll of leaves .

Question 20

Transpiration

Answer 20

The evaporation of water from these stomata in the leaves. Plants lose up to 90 percent of all the water they transport from the roots through transpiration .