BIO MACROMOLECULES Flashcards
what is organic chemistry
the study of compounds with covalently bonded carbons
whaat is an organic compound
compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
how many valence electrons does carbon have
4
what bonds can carbon form
single double and triple bonds
how many covalent bonds can carbon form
up to 4
what affects the length and shape of a carbon chain
the type and number of covalent bond forms affect its shape and length
what is a hydrocarbon
organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon
how can skeletons vary
length, branching, double bond position, presence of rings
what forms macro molecules
carbon
what are the 4 classes of macromolecules
carbohydrates,proteins, nucleic acids, lipids
which of the 4 classes of macromolcules isn’t a polymer
lipids
what is a polymer
chain like macromolecules of similar or ideantical repeating units that are covalently bonded together
what is a monomer
the repeating units tha make up polymers
what do dehydration reactions do
bonds two monomers with the loss of h2o
how do dehydration reactions work
the -oh of one monomer bonds to the -h of another monomer forming h2o which is then released
what does hydrolysis do
breaks the bonds in polymers by adding h2o
what is the ratio of carbon to oxygen to hydrogen in carbohydrates
1:2:1
what are carbohydrates classified into
they are classified inti monosacchrides, disacchrides and polysacchrides
what are the 3 types of monosacchrides
glucose galactose and fructose
what are proteins made up of
amino acids
how many amino acids are there
20
what are the 2 main types of nucleic acids
dna and rna
