Bio Lecture 8 Flashcards
_______ ________ – directly observing the structure and markings of surface features
Visual inspection
________ - Feeling with firm pressure or perceiving by sense of touch
Palpitation
_________ – Tapping firmly on specific body sites to detect resonating vibrations
Percussion
_______ – listening to sounds emitted from organs
Auscultation
Fitness:
Knowing where muscles and muscle groups are located
Diagnosis and Treatment
Knowing where to (4)
record a pulse
insert a needle
listen to functioning of internal organs
take radiographs
The effectiveness of visual inspection and palpation in studying a person’s surface anatomy is influenced by the thickness of the _________, which varies in accordance with the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue present
hypodermis
Cranial regions (3)
occipital region
frontal region
temporal region
temporal region (3)
- Lateral region (also covered by scalp)
- Attachment for the temporalis muscle, which can be palpated when jaw is repeatedly clenched
- This region is often the point of entry for surgical procedures
_____ region that surrounds (and includes) the eye
orbital
_______ _______ (tears) wash away chemicals or foreign materials
lacrimal secretions
_________ is a thin mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eyeball and lines the undersurface of the eyelid; it reduces friction during blinking
conjunctiva
_______ is the transparent anterior portion of the eye that refracts incoming light
cornea
______ is the fleshy pinna of the ear that projects from the side of the head and projects sound into the external acoustic canal
auricle
______ is the rim of the auricle, shaped and supported by eleastic cartilage
helix
________ is the inferior portion of the auricle
earlobe
______ is the small posteriorly directed projection partially covering and protecting the the external acoustic canal
tragus
______ of the nose is the point in the skull where the nasal and frontal bones unite
root
Facts: Bridge is the narrow part between nose
Fact: apex is the tip of the nose
______ ______ ______ is the lateral depression where the ala of the nose contacts the tissues of the face
alar nasal sulcus
_______ (or ala) of the nose forms the flared outer margin of each nostril
wings
lips are upper and lower anterior borders of the mouth
chin is the anterior portion of the lower jaw
_______ is the vertical depression in the medial part of the upper lip
philtrum
_____ _______ ______ (vertebral furrow) is visible, no matter how much adipose tissue is present
The vertebral spines are palpable
one may observe the furrow or palpate the spines to determine defects of the vertebral column
The median furrow
the scapulae are also palpable
The _____ of the spine of the scapula is level with the third thoracic vertebra and the inferior angle of the scapula is even with the seventh thoracic vertebra
the medial and lateral borders are also palpable
base
The ______ ___ ____________ the region bordered by the rhomboid major, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi
At this site one can more easily hear respiratory sounds without interference from thick muscles
triangle of auscultation
The palpable structures of the thorax include: (3)
the sternum
the ribs
the costal margin
the _____ _____ is the location where the costal margins come together as an inverted V of the position of the xiphoid process of the sternum
costal angle
surface anatomy of the abdomen (6)
the linea alba
the linea semilunaris
the umbilicus
the costal margin
the iliac crest
the pubis
The _______ _____- A tendinous, midventral raphe from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis
linea alba
the ______ _______ - These paired and slightly curved vertical lines represent the lateral border of the rectus sheaths which enclose the rectus abdominis muscle on each side.
linea semilunaris
the _________ - site of attachment of the fetal umbilical cord
umbilicus
the ______ ______- lower oblique boundary of the rib cage
costal margin
______ costal margin is over the liver an gallbladder
right
_____ costal margin is over the stomach and spleen
left
the ______ _____- Highest point is opposite the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, - needed in spinal anesthesia
iliac crest
the ______ - can be palpated at the anterior union of the two halves of the pelvic girdle
pubis
The crest of the _____, the______ ____, and the inguinal ligament and ________ point are important pelvic landmarks
ilium
symphysis pubis
McBurney’s
The _______ _______ extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the symphysis pubis
It’s clinically important because hernias may occur along it
Ligament can’t be seen, but there is a groove overlying the ligament that can be seen
inguinal ligament
___________ point is 1/3 of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine on a line between that spine and the umbilicus.
McBurney’s
An appendectomy is made through an incision at this point
The perineum is the region that contains the external genitalia and the anal opening
__________ point
McBurney’s
Fact: Vessels of the upper extremity are also used as pressure points and for intravenous injections or blood withdrawal.
Vessels of the upper extremity are also used as pressure points and for intravenous injections or blood withdrawal.
Facts:
The scapulae, clavicles, and humerus are palpable in the shoulder
The axilla is clinically important because of the vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes located there
The brachial artery is an important pressure point in the brachium.
The medial cubital vein is important for the removal of blood or for intravenous therapy
The ______ ______ can be palpated in the ulnar sulcus posterior to the medial epicondyles
The sulcus and ulnar nerve together are referred to as the “funny bone”
ulnar nerve
The knuckles, fingernails, and tendons for the_______ _____ of the _______ can be observed on the posterior aspect of the hand
extensor muscles of the forearm
The anatomical __________ is created by two tendons pulled taut
Pulsations of the _____ artery can be detected here
snufflebox
radial
The two tendons include:
The tendon of the _____ _____ _____ muscle
The tendon of the _____ _____ _____ muscle
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
Flexion creases and the _______ _______ are important features on the anterior surface of the hand
The _______ ______ is the thickened muscular portion of the hand that forms the base of the thumb
thenar eminence
Digits have two types of joints:
MP joints
Interphalangeal joints
________ joints are metacarpophalangeal joints – connecting metacarpals and phalanges
MP
________ joints are found between the bones of individual digits
Interphalangeal
2 types of interphalangeal joints:
_____ are distal interphalangeal joints
_____ are proximal interphalangeal joints
DIPs
PIPs
The massive bones and muscles in the ______ and lower extremity serve as weight-bearers and locomotors.
buttock
_______ ______ – forms most of the inferolateral “fleshy” part of the buttock
Gluteus maximus
______ ______ - vertical separation between the buttocks
Natal clef
_____ _____ – inferior border of the gluteus maximus
Gluteal fold
Fact:
The horizontal line between the iliac crests bisects the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebrae
Injections can safely be given 5 to 7 cm inferior to the crest without much risk to the sciatic nerve
The thigh has three muscle groups:
anterior (quadriceps)
medial (adductors) posterior (hamstrings
_______ ______ Depression inferior to the location of the inguinal ligament on the anteromedial surface in the upper part on the thigh
Major vessels of the lower extremity and the femoral nerve traverse this region
Femoral Triangle
______ ______: Depression on the posterior aspect of the knee joint
Important due to vascular problems that occur here in the elderly, due to reduced muscle tone and inactivity
Popliteal Fossa
The structures of the leg include: (4)
tibia
fibula
the muscles of the calf
the saphenous veins
Fact: Great and small saphenous veins are superficial blood vessels
The surface anatomy of the ____ includes structures adapted to support the weight of the body, maintain balance, and function during locomotion
foot
_____ longitudinal arch – curvature along the lateral side of the foot
_____ longitudinal arch – curvature along the medial side of the foot
Lateral
Medial
