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Biology 2 > Bio Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Bio Lecture 8 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_______ ________ – directly observing the structure and markings of surface features

A

Visual inspection

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2
Q

________ - Feeling with firm pressure or perceiving by sense of touch

A

Palpitation

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3
Q

_________ – Tapping firmly on specific body sites to detect resonating vibrations

A

Percussion

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4
Q

_______ – listening to sounds emitted from organs

A

Auscultation

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5
Q

Fitness:

A

Knowing where muscles and muscle groups are located

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6
Q

Diagnosis and Treatment

Knowing where to (4)

A

record a pulse

insert a needle

listen to functioning of internal organs

take radiographs

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7
Q

The effectiveness of visual inspection and palpation in studying a person’s surface anatomy is influenced by the thickness of the _________, which varies in accordance with the amount of subcutaneous adipose tissue present

A

hypodermis

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8
Q

Cranial regions (3)

A

occipital region

frontal region

temporal region

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9
Q

temporal region (3)

A
  • Lateral region (also covered by scalp)
  • Attachment for the temporalis muscle, which can be palpated when jaw is repeatedly clenched
  • This region is often the point of entry for surgical procedures
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10
Q

_____ region that surrounds (and includes) the eye

A

orbital

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11
Q

_______ _______ (tears) wash away chemicals or foreign materials

A

lacrimal secretions

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12
Q

_________ is a thin mucous membrane that covers the anterior surface of the eyeball and lines the undersurface of the eyelid; it reduces friction during blinking

A

conjunctiva

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13
Q

_______ is the transparent anterior portion of the eye that refracts incoming light

A

cornea

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14
Q

______ is the fleshy pinna of the ear that projects from the side of the head and projects sound into the external acoustic canal

A

auricle

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15
Q

______ is the rim of the auricle, shaped and supported by eleastic cartilage

A

helix

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16
Q

________ is the inferior portion of the auricle

A

earlobe

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17
Q

______ is the small posteriorly directed projection partially covering and protecting the the external acoustic canal

A

tragus

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18
Q

______ of the nose is the point in the skull where the nasal and frontal bones unite

A

root

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19
Q

Facts: Bridge is the narrow part between nose

A

Fact: apex is the tip of the nose

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20
Q

______ ______ ______ is the lateral depression where the ala of the nose contacts the tissues of the face

A

alar nasal sulcus

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21
Q

_______ (or ala) of the nose forms the flared outer margin of each nostril

A

wings

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22
Q

lips are upper and lower anterior borders of the mouth

chin is the anterior portion of the lower jaw

_______ is the vertical depression in the medial part of the upper lip

A

philtrum

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23
Q

_____ _______ ______ (vertebral furrow) is visible, no matter how much adipose tissue is present

The vertebral spines are palpable

one may observe the furrow or palpate the spines to determine defects of the vertebral column

A

The median furrow

the scapulae are also palpable

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24
Q

The _____ of the spine of the scapula is level with the third thoracic vertebra and the inferior angle of the scapula is even with the seventh thoracic vertebra

the medial and lateral borders are also palpable

A

base

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25
Q

The ______ ___ ____________ the region bordered by the rhomboid major, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi

At this site one can more easily hear respiratory sounds without interference from thick muscles

A

triangle of auscultation

26
Q

The palpable structures of the thorax include: (3)

A

the sternum

the ribs

the costal margin

27
Q

the _____ _____ is the location where the costal margins come together as an inverted V of the position of the xiphoid process of the sternum

A

costal angle

28
Q

surface anatomy of the abdomen (6)

A

the linea alba

the linea semilunaris

the umbilicus

the costal margin

the iliac crest

the pubis

29
Q

The _______ _____- A tendinous, midventral raphe from the xiphoid process to the symphysis pubis

A

linea alba

30
Q

the ______ _______ - These paired and slightly curved vertical lines represent the lateral border of the rectus sheaths which enclose the rectus abdominis muscle on each side.

A

linea semilunaris

31
Q

the _________ - site of attachment of the fetal umbilical cord

A

umbilicus

32
Q

the ______ ______- lower oblique boundary of the rib cage

A

costal margin

33
Q

______ costal margin is over the liver an gallbladder

A

right

34
Q

_____ costal margin is over the stomach and spleen

A

left

35
Q

the ______ _____- Highest point is opposite the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, - needed in spinal anesthesia

A

iliac crest

36
Q

the ______ - can be palpated at the anterior union of the two halves of the pelvic girdle

A

pubis

37
Q

The crest of the _____, the______ ____, and the inguinal ligament and ________ point are important pelvic landmarks

A

ilium

symphysis pubis

McBurney’s

38
Q

The _______ _______ extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the symphysis pubis

It’s clinically important because hernias may occur along it

Ligament can’t be seen, but there is a groove overlying the ligament that can be seen

A

inguinal ligament

39
Q

___________ point is 1/3 of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine on a line between that spine and the umbilicus.

A

McBurney’s

40
Q

An appendectomy is made through an incision at this point

The perineum is the region that contains the external genitalia and the anal opening

__________ point

A

McBurney’s

41
Q

Fact: Vessels of the upper extremity are also used as pressure points and for intravenous injections or blood withdrawal.

A

Vessels of the upper extremity are also used as pressure points and for intravenous injections or blood withdrawal.

42
Q

Facts:

The scapulae, clavicles, and humerus are palpable in the shoulder

The axilla is clinically important because of the vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes located there

A

The brachial artery is an important pressure point in the brachium.

The medial cubital vein is important for the removal of blood or for intravenous therapy

43
Q

The ______ ______ can be palpated in the ulnar sulcus posterior to the medial epicondyles

The sulcus and ulnar nerve together are referred to as the “funny bone”

A

ulnar nerve

44
Q

The knuckles, fingernails, and tendons for the_______ _____ of the _______ can be observed on the posterior aspect of the hand

A

extensor muscles of the forearm

45
Q

The anatomical __________ is created by two tendons pulled taut

Pulsations of the _____ artery can be detected here

A

snufflebox

radial

46
Q

The two tendons include:

The tendon of the _____ _____ _____ muscle

The tendon of the _____ _____ _____ muscle

A

extensor pollicis brevis

extensor pollicis longus

47
Q

Flexion creases and the _______ _______ are important features on the anterior surface of the hand

The _______ ______ is the thickened muscular portion of the hand that forms the base of the thumb

A

thenar eminence

48
Q

Digits have two types of joints:

A

MP joints

Interphalangeal joints

49
Q

________ joints are metacarpophalangeal joints – connecting metacarpals and phalanges

A

MP

50
Q

________ joints are found between the bones of individual digits

A

Interphalangeal

51
Q

2 types of interphalangeal joints:

_____ are distal interphalangeal joints

_____ are proximal interphalangeal joints

A

DIPs

PIPs

52
Q

The massive bones and muscles in the ______ and lower extremity serve as weight-bearers and locomotors.

A

buttock

53
Q

_______ ______ – forms most of the inferolateral “fleshy” part of the buttock

A

Gluteus maximus

54
Q

______ ______ - vertical separation between the buttocks

A

Natal clef

55
Q

_____ _____ – inferior border of the gluteus maximus

A

Gluteal fold

56
Q

Fact:
The horizontal line between the iliac crests bisects the spinous process of the 4th lumbar vertebrae

A

Injections can safely be given 5 to 7 cm inferior to the crest without much risk to the sciatic nerve

57
Q

The thigh has three muscle groups:

A

anterior (quadriceps)
medial (adductors) posterior (hamstrings

58
Q

_______ ______ Depression inferior to the location of the inguinal ligament on the anteromedial surface in the upper part on the thigh

Major vessels of the lower extremity and the femoral nerve traverse this region

A

Femoral Triangle

59
Q

______ ______: Depression on the posterior aspect of the knee joint

Important due to vascular problems that occur here in the elderly, due to reduced muscle tone and inactivity

A

Popliteal Fossa

60
Q

The structures of the leg include: (4)

A

tibia
fibula
the muscles of the calf
the saphenous veins

Fact: Great and small saphenous veins are superficial blood vessels

61
Q

The surface anatomy of the ____ includes structures adapted to support the weight of the body, maintain balance, and function during locomotion

A

foot

62
Q

_____ longitudinal arch – curvature along the lateral side of the foot

_____ longitudinal arch – curvature along the medial side of the foot

A

Lateral

Medial

Biology 2 (5 decks)

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