bio lab quiz 7

Question 1

sexual reproduction

Answer 1

behind sexual reproduction is meiosis

Question 2

gamete formation

Answer 2

meiosis involves reduction division resulting in the formation of sex cells

Question 3

crossing over

Answer 3

the physical exchange of genetic material between homologous pairs

Question 4

reduction from a diploid to a haploid state

Answer 4

haploid is half of the diploid number so meiosis involves the reduction fo the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid

Question 5

diploid number of chromosomes present in humans

Answer 5

(total number of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell) humans have 46

Question 6

zygotes

Answer 6

fertilized egg (diploid)

Question 7

homologous pairs

Answer 7

2 chromosomes in a pair, one each inherited from each parent

Question 8

oogenesis

Answer 8

process of forming gametes occurs in the ovaries

Question 9

spermatogenesis

Answer 9

process of forming gametes occurs in the seminiferous tubules in the testes

Question 10

homozygous genotypes

Answer 10

if an individual posses two identical alleles

Question 11

heterozygous genotypes

Answer 11

if an individual possesses two different alleles

Question 12

phenotype

Answer 12

a persons physical characteristics influenced by their genotype

Question 13

the 2 stages of meiotic division

Answer 13

meiosis I and meiosis II

Question 14

prophase (I and II)

Answer 14

I - homologous chromosomes pair up and form bivalents/tetrads
II - characterized by attachment of the sister chromatids to the spindle

Question 15

metaphase (I and II)

Answer 15

I - homologous pairs line up in center
II - sister chromatids lien up along the center

Question 16

anaphase (I and II)

Answer 16

I - homologous chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles
II - sister chromatids are separated and migrate toward centrioles

Question 17

telophase (I and II)

Answer 17

I - sister chromatids reaching the opposite poles and eventually forming 2 new haploid cells
II - results in the formation of 4 unique haploid daughter cells with one chromatid per chromosome

Question 18

pedigree terms

Answer 18

open circle - female
open square - male
open diamond - unspecified sex
darkened shape - person that expresses trait
half darkened shape - someone who carries an allele but does not express it

Question 19

alleles

Answer 19

the possible form a gene may take

Question 20

carriers of recessive genes

Answer 20

have a recessive allele which is not expressed and not observed because its masked by a dominant allele

Question 21

x-linked

Answer 21

carried exclusively on the x chromosome (if man gets it it’ll be expressed) men- xy women- xx