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Biology 117 > Bio Lab Exam > Flashcards

Bio Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative Hypothesis example

A

Suzy hypothesizes that plants watered with club soda with grow faster than plants watered with regular water

I’m going to win more than $1000

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2
Q

Null hypothesis example

A

There is no statistical significant relationship between the type of water I feed the flowers and growth of the flowers

I am going to win up to $1000

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3
Q

Variable

A

Any factor that might affect outcome of the experiment

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4
Q

Independent variable

A

The experimenter manipulates this

Age

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5
Q

Dependant variable

A

Experiments observes effects of the independent variable on the dependant variable

Height

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6
Q

Control

A

Specimen under normal conditions

Trees getting H2O opposed to soda water

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7
Q

Repeatable

A

Can allow for procedure to be done again and attain similar results

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8
Q

5 stage of mitosis

A 
Interphase
Prophase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telephase
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9
Q

Interphase

A

Cells increase in mass

Cell organelles are duplicated (mitochondria, ribosomes, ER)

DNA duplicated: consists of two sister chromarids and considered one DNA

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10
Q

Mitosis prophase

A

Chromosomes condense and become visible

Spindle apparatus begins to form

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11
Q

Mitosis metaphase

A

Chromosomes align themselves in a line called a metaphase plate

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12
Q

Mitosis anaphase

A

Sister chromatids spit and travel towards separate ends

Each chromatid is seen as a full chromosome

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13
Q

Mitosis telephase

A

Chromosomes arrive at different ends

New nuclear membranes are formed round chromosomes

Cytokinesis or cell division begins

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14
Q

8 phases of meiosis

A 
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2
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15
Q

Prophase 1

A

Chromosomes condense and become visible

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

Homologous chromosomes align; called synapsis

Cross over and exchange of material between homologous pairs

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16
Q

Metaphase 1

A

Chromosomes and their homologues align themselves in a line

Called metaphase plate

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17
Q

Anaphase 1

A

Homologous pairs seperate and travel to their ends

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18
Q

Telophase 1

A

Chromosomes arrive at ends

Spindle apparatus dissembles

New nuclear membrane may form

Cytokinesis or cell division may begin

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19
Q

Prophase 2

A

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus may disappear

Spindle appararus begins to form

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20
Q

Metaphase 2

A

Chromosomes align themselves at Center on metaphase plate

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21
Q

Anaphase 2

A

Sister chromatids spilt and travel to opposite ends

CELLS BECOME HAPLOID

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22
Q

Telophase 2

A

Chrimosomes arrive at ends now

Spindle apppartus begins to dissemble

New nuclear membraned are formed and chromosomes uncoil

CELLS HAPLOID

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23
Q

Binary fission

A

Process when bacteria or prokaryotic replicates their DNA

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24
Q

Recessive trait

A

Can be carried in a persons genes without appearing in that person

A blonde hair person having a black hair gene but not having black hair

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25
Dominant trait
Inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant Allele
26
Dominant vs recessive genes
A dominant allele is always seen A recessive gene is not always scene but still in its genetics
27
Pedigree
A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of particular genes from generation to generation
28
Dominant gene in pedigree
Shows in every generation
29
Recessive gene in pedigree
Skips a generation
30
Phylum Porifera
Sponges
31
Phylum Anthropoda
Grasshopper
32
Phylum Cnidaria
Jellyfish
33
Phylum Echinodermata
Sea star
34
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Tapeworm
35
Phylum Chordata
Humans
36
Phylum Mollusca
Squid
37
Phylum Annelida
Segmented worms
38
Phylum Nemotoda
Roundworms
39
The 9 Phylums we looked at
``` Porifera Anthropoda Cnidaria Echinodermata Platyhelminthes Chordata Mollusca Annelida Nemotoda ```
40
3 types of symmetry
Asymmetrical Radial Bilateral
41
Asymmetry
Body has no fixed shape Snail
42
Radial symmetry
Like a starfish
43
Bilateral symmetry
Fold it in half and he the same | Human
44
Encephalization
Does it have a brain
45
Reproduction
Either can be sexual or asexual or both
46
Excretion
Has it or not
47
Circulation
Is there blood running through them Either open or closed
48
Body segmentation
Different parts of body
49
Appendages
Legs? Body part used for locomotion
50
Digestion
1 way digestion: food through mouth than anus 2 way digestion: through mouth out of mouth
51
Respiration
Body has gills or lungs?
52
Osmoregulation
Osmotic pressure to control water
53
Animal with one way digestion
Humans
54
Animal with two way digestion
Tapeworm
55
Open vs closed circulatory system
Closed: blood closed at all times in vessels. Blood is pumped to heart Open: blood is pumped into body cavaties, no vessels
56
3 types of plankton
Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, bacterioplankton
57
Phytoplankton
include algae, photosynthetic protists and cyanbateria. Primary producers
58
Zooplankton
Eat phytoplankton considered secondary consumers
59
Bacterioplankton
bacteria
60
Species richness
Number of different species in a community
61
Eveness
how many individuals there are in each species
62
Shannon index favours
Rarer species
63
Simpsons index favours
dominant species
64
How can starfish eat food larger than themselves?
Because of this ability to digest food outside the body, starfish can hunt prey much larger than their mouths.
65
Two things for a successful hypothesis
A hypothesis is a statement, not a question | It is testable
66
Differences between mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis: 1 round of divisions, diploid, 2 identical daughter cells Meiosis: 2 rounds of division, results in gametes, goes through the stages twice, haploid, 4 non identical twins
67
Similarities between mitosis and meiosis
Way for cells to divide Same four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
68
Similarities between earthworm and fish
bilateral, sexual, 1 way digestion
69
differences between earthworm and fish
fish has gills, fish has appendages, worm has no body segmentations
70
Hole in grasshopper abdomen
ovipositer
71
Meiosis microscope
Metaphase
72
Mitosis microscope
perhaps telephase

Biology 117 (8 decks)

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