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Biology 117 > Bio Lab Exam > Flashcards

Bio Lab Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Alternative Hypothesis example

A

Suzy hypothesizes that plants watered with club soda with grow faster than plants watered with regular water

I’m going to win more than $1000

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2
Q

Null hypothesis example

A

There is no statistical significant relationship between the type of water I feed the flowers and growth of the flowers

I am going to win up to $1000

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3
Q

Variable

A

Any factor that might affect outcome of the experiment

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4
Q

Independent variable

A

The experimenter manipulates this

Age

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5
Q

Dependant variable

A

Experiments observes effects of the independent variable on the dependant variable

Height

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6
Q

Control

A

Specimen under normal conditions

Trees getting H2O opposed to soda water

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7
Q

Repeatable

A

Can allow for procedure to be done again and attain similar results

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8
Q

5 stage of mitosis

A 
Interphase
Prophase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telephase
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9
Q

Interphase

A

Cells increase in mass

Cell organelles are duplicated (mitochondria, ribosomes, ER)

DNA duplicated: consists of two sister chromarids and considered one DNA

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10
Q

Mitosis prophase

A

Chromosomes condense and become visible

Spindle apparatus begins to form

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11
Q

Mitosis metaphase

A

Chromosomes align themselves in a line called a metaphase plate

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12
Q

Mitosis anaphase

A

Sister chromatids spit and travel towards separate ends

Each chromatid is seen as a full chromosome

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13
Q

Mitosis telephase

A

Chromosomes arrive at different ends

New nuclear membranes are formed round chromosomes

Cytokinesis or cell division begins

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14
Q

8 phases of meiosis

A 
Prophase 1
Metaphase 1
Anaphase 1
Telophase 1
Prophase 2
Metaphase 2
Anaphase 2
Telophase 2
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15
Q

Prophase 1

A

Chromosomes condense and become visible

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

Homologous chromosomes align; called synapsis

Cross over and exchange of material between homologous pairs

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16
Q

Metaphase 1

A

Chromosomes and their homologues align themselves in a line

Called metaphase plate

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17
Q

Anaphase 1

A

Homologous pairs seperate and travel to their ends

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18
Q

Telophase 1

A

Chromosomes arrive at ends

Spindle apparatus dissembles

New nuclear membrane may form

Cytokinesis or cell division may begin

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19
Q

Prophase 2

A

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus may disappear

Spindle appararus begins to form

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20
Q

Metaphase 2

A

Chromosomes align themselves at Center on metaphase plate

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21
Q

Anaphase 2

A

Sister chromatids spilt and travel to opposite ends

CELLS BECOME HAPLOID

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22
Q

Telophase 2

A

Chrimosomes arrive at ends now

Spindle apppartus begins to dissemble

New nuclear membraned are formed and chromosomes uncoil

CELLS HAPLOID

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23
Q

Binary fission

A

Process when bacteria or prokaryotic replicates their DNA

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24
Q

Recessive trait

A

Can be carried in a persons genes without appearing in that person

A blonde hair person having a black hair gene but not having black hair

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25
Q

Dominant trait

A

Inherited characteristic that appears in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant Allele

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26
Q

Dominant vs recessive genes

A

A dominant allele is always seen

A recessive gene is not always scene but still in its genetics

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27
Q

Pedigree

A

A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of particular genes from generation to generation

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28
Q

Dominant gene in pedigree

A

Shows in every generation

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29
Q

Recessive gene in pedigree

A

Skips a generation

30
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

Sponges

31
Q

Phylum Anthropoda

A

Grasshopper

32
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish

33
Q

Phylum Echinodermata

A

Sea star

34
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Tapeworm

35
Q

Phylum Chordata

A

Humans

36
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A

Squid

37
Q

Phylum Annelida

A

Segmented worms

38
Q

Phylum Nemotoda

A

Roundworms

39
Q

The 9 Phylums we looked at

A 
Porifera 
Anthropoda 
Cnidaria 
Echinodermata 
Platyhelminthes
Chordata
Mollusca 
Annelida
Nemotoda
40
Q

3 types of symmetry

A

Asymmetrical
Radial
Bilateral

41
Q

Asymmetry

A

Body has no fixed shape

Snail

42
Q

Radial symmetry

A

Like a starfish

43
Q

Bilateral symmetry

A

Fold it in half and he the same

Human

44
Q

Encephalization

A

Does it have a brain

45
Q

Reproduction

A

Either can be sexual or asexual or both

46
Q

Excretion

A

Has it or not

47
Q

Circulation

A

Is there blood running through them

Either open or closed

48
Q

Body segmentation

A

Different parts of body

49
Q

Appendages

A

Legs? Body part used for locomotion

50
Q

Digestion

A

1 way digestion: food through mouth than anus

2 way digestion: through mouth out of mouth

51
Q

Respiration

A

Body has gills or lungs?

52
Q

Osmoregulation

A

Osmotic pressure to control water

53
Q

Animal with one way digestion

A

Humans

54
Q

Animal with two way digestion

A

Tapeworm

55
Q

Open vs closed circulatory system

A

Closed: blood closed at all times in vessels. Blood is pumped to heart

Open: blood is pumped into body cavaties, no vessels

56
Q

3 types of plankton

A

Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, bacterioplankton

57
Q

Phytoplankton

A

include algae, photosynthetic protists and cyanbateria.

Primary producers

58
Q

Zooplankton

A

Eat phytoplankton

considered secondary consumers

59
Q

Bacterioplankton

A

bacteria

60
Q

Species richness

A

Number of different species in a community

61
Q

Eveness

A

how many individuals there are in each species

62
Q

Shannon index favours

A

Rarer species

63
Q

Simpsons index favours

A

dominant species

64
Q

How can starfish eat food larger than themselves?

A

Because of this ability to digest food outside the body, starfish can hunt prey much larger than their mouths.

65
Q

Two things for a successful hypothesis

A

A hypothesis is a statement, not a question

It is testable

66
Q

Differences between mitosis and meiosis

A

Mitosis: 1 round of divisions, diploid, 2 identical daughter cells

Meiosis: 2 rounds of division, results in gametes, goes through the stages twice, haploid, 4 non identical twins

67
Q

Similarities between mitosis and meiosis

A

Way for cells to divide

Same four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

68
Q

Similarities between earthworm and fish

A

bilateral, sexual, 1 way digestion

69
Q

differences between earthworm and fish

A

fish has gills, fish has appendages, worm has no body segmentations

70
Q

Hole in grasshopper abdomen

A

ovipositer

71
Q

Meiosis microscope

A

Metaphase

72
Q

Mitosis microscope

A

perhaps telephase

Biology 117 (8 decks)

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