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Bio > Bio LAB > Flashcards

Bio LAB Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diameter of the 4x objective lense

A

4.40 mm

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2
Q

What is the diameter of the 10x objective lense

A

1.75mm

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3
Q

What is the diameter of the 40x objective lense

A

0.44mm

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4
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

Relatively rigid layer found right outside of the plasma membrane in plant cells. Provides protection and support.

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5
Q

What is a central vacuole?

A

Only found in plant cells, a central vacuole stores water, enzymes, ions proteins, pigments and toxins. It supports the cell through turgor preasure

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6
Q

Chloroplast

A

A chlorophyll filled organelle where photosynthesis occurs. Chlorophyll cause the cell to have a green colour

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7
Q

Chromoplast

A

Plastid that contains pigments giving colour to flower/fruit making it more attractive to animals (often red blue purple yellow ex)

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8
Q

Cilia

A

Short hair like structures that facilitate movement or sweep fluids over the surface of the cell

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9
Q

What is a contractile vacuole

A

Membrane bound organelle that facilitates osmoregulation in protists, ex. Amoeba, paramecium. It can take in and excrete water so the cell doesn’t burst from being over filled with water

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Fluid region of a cell, contains cytosol, organelles and cytoskeleton. An area for functions taking place in the cell.

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11
Q

What is the cytoskeleton?

A

A cytoskeleton is a network of micro tubules and other proteins that form this skeleton to add support to facilitate many useful functions.

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12
Q

What are microtubules

A

Major component of the cytoskeleton, involved in mitosis, cell motility, intracellular transport, and more.

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13
Q

What are microfillaments

A

Assist with cell movement, and provide structure to cell.

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14
Q

What is a Flagella

A

Long tail like structure that facilitates movement in cells that have one.

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15
Q

What are food vacuoles?

A

Basically pockets within the cell that hold onto food for later use after phagocytosis.

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16
Q

What is the Golgi Apperatus

A

Organelle made up of flattened membrane bound compartments that modify, store, and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

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17
Q

What is a Leucoplast

A

Pigment lacking plastid that produces and stores different microfillaments

18
Q

What is the Lysosome

A

Small membrane bound organelle that digests a cells food and waste

19
Q

What is the mitochondria

A

It carries out the cells respiration and supply’s most of the cells ATP

20
Q

What is the Nucleolus

A

Prominent region in the nucleus that produces ribosome subunit

21
Q

What is the nucleus

A

Contains most of the cells genetic material. Controls cell function, DNA synthesis and RNA transcription

22
Q

what is the Plasma membrane?

A

Selectively permeable layer that separates the cell from the innards of the cell from the outer. Regulates the in and out flow of substances.

23
Q

What is the Ribosome

A

A structure made of rRNA and protein found in the cytoplasm, responsible for making some proteins

24
Q

What is the Rough ER

A

ER studded with ribosomes. Key role in initial synthesis and sorting of proteins for export.

25
Q

What is the Smooth ER

A

ER with no ribosomes. Lipid synthesis/modifications, detox of drugs/alcohol, Ca+2 storage, and glycogen breakdown

26
Q

What are Vesicles

A

Membrane Structure - Eukaryotic only: may contain macromolecules for storage/trabsport/secretion.

27
Q

What structural difference differentiates projaryotes from eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes do not have membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes also do not have a nucleus.

28
Q

What TPI (Total Pollution Index) indicates High organic pollution

A

TPI of 4-5

29
Q

What TPI value (Total Pollution Index) indicates probable organic pollution?

A

A TPI Value of 2-4

30
Q

What TPI (Total Pollution Index) value indicates low organic pollution?

A

A you value of 2 or lower

31
Q

Briefly describe a Fluorescent Microscope

A

A fluorescent microscope combines a regular microscope with high energy light that excites the fluorescent molecules to glow. It can be used to identify individual cells and individual organelles within cells.

32
Q

Briefly describe a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope?

A

A CLS microscope is a fluorescent microscope with a very thin plane of scanning. The scanned object is detected by the computer, and a detailed digital recreation is formed on the microscopes computer. It’s used to examine specimen that are too thick for traditional fluorescent microscopes. Can construct 3d images

33
Q

Briefly describe a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

A

A beam of electrons is passed through an incredibly thin section of specimen (0.1-1.0 micro m) TEM has the best resolution of the internal organization of cells and there organelles.

34
Q

Briefly describe a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

A

A beam of electrons is scanned over the surface of a specimen to create a highly detailed 3d image of the surface of the specimen. Used for intact specimen like insects or pollen grains

35
Q

What are four features shared by all living cells?

A
  1. Plasma Membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. DNA
  4. Ribosomes
36
Q

Prokaryotes are include both ________ + _________ and share what structure with a plant cell?

A

Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotes have a cell wall, the also have their chromosomes stored in their nucleotide region due to their lack of nucleus

37
Q

What structure do some bacterial cells have that covers the outside, with a gelatinous description. What does it do

A

It’s called glycocalyx, and may act like a barrier (idrk)

38
Q

What four groups are eukaryotes part of?

A

Single cell protist
Fungi
Animals
Plant

39
Q

What colour did the starch molecules in the banana cells change when Iodine Potassium iodide was added

A

They turned purple

40
Q

What is the purpose of guard cells?

A

They regulate the opening and closing of the stomata.

41
Q

What is a major factor that comprises the cytoskeleton present in most cells?

A

Microtubules

Bio (5 decks)

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