bio exam, guest lectures Flashcards
in Keptin Purdys discussion of traditional indigenous knowledge , we learned about Chaga. What was not described as one of the medicinal benefits of this fungus
highly effect laxative
what are invasive species according to Mathew smith
that has been introduced to an environment where it is non-native, or alien, and whose introduction causes environmental or economic damage or harm to human health.” -
what are the four invasive species that Mathew smith mentioned
- European green crab
- chain pickeral
- Hemlock wooly adeligid
dr smith described invasive species as
Non- native species which have economic, medical or environmental impacts
In Ms Ceasers lecture what does the broadleaf plantain do
prefers growing in open sun
is useful for trading insect bites
what is the use of Ash trees by Kept Jeff Purdy
pack baskets
what are some examples of novel ecosystems (Mathew Smith)
- old field succession
- forest and aquatic ecosystem decline
in Dr smiths presentation on conservation in National parks, the national parks act of 1930;
transitioned parks to being developed as a place of preservation
how do the fish tags work
the tags take light, depth and temperature
What are spring tides
largest tides
what are neat tides
happens when the moon is perpendicular to the sun
what percent of the minus basin would an instream turbine occupy
A single 16 m diameter turbine in the FORCE site would occupy 0.06% of the Minas Passage X-sectional area
what does a hypo-osmotic fish
loses water by osmosis, which it compensates for by drinking water and producing small quantities of urine
what is an ecosystem
the biotic assemblage of organisms that live in an area, as well as the abiotic environment affecting that assemblage
what is a biosphere
the regions of the earth and atmosphere where living organisms exist
what is a population
a group of members of the same species that occupy the same environment and have the potential to interbreed
what is a community
an assemblage of different species that live in the same place at the same time
what is a biome
a biome is a large community of vegetation and wildlife adapted to a specific climate. Characterized by physical characteristics such as temperature and precipitation
what is a biosphere
the region on the surface of the earth and atmosphere where living organism exist
what is biodiversity
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habit or ecosystem
how does energy flow communities
water carbon nitrogen phosphorous ultimately lost from an ecosystem as heat
what is an aquifer
porous underground deposit that holds water bounded below by impervious layer
what are the three phases of stress
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
in resistance phase what hormones are released
Cortisol, epinephrine, growth hormone and thyroid hormones
what happens in the exhaustion phase of being stressed
insomnia, fatigue, loss of appetite, chronic long term stress
what happened in the alarm phase of stress
immediate reaction to a stressor
magnitude of response is related to magnitude of stressor
A single oak tree can support hundreds of beetles, caterpillars and other primary consumers. This would be best presented by
an inverted pyramid of numbers
in succession, the ability of one species to make the area more suitable for another species is called
facilitation
in the island biography model, species richness is a balanced between
immigration and extinction
top down factors that can control the population sizes of plants or animals include which of the following
the density of herbivores
what is general global pattern of species richness
increasing from polar areas toward the tropics
organisms compete indirectly through the consumption of a limited resource
exploitation competition
individuals interact directly with one another by physical force or intimidation
interference competition
differentiation of niches, both in space and time, that enables similar species to coexist
resource partitioning
whatever species gets to an environment first determines subsequent community structure
inhibition
an oak tree weighs more than herbivores and predators combined in the food chain
pyramid of biomass
what is primary productivity limited mainly by
light and nutrient availability
where is primary productivity highest
tropical rainforest and coral reefs where temperature and light are high
what are some of the effects of temperature on coral reefs
skeleton is temperature dependant. If water temperatures are too high, the symbiotic algae that live within the corals die
are there cold water corals
yes in Nova Scotia
what are the effects of salinity in an ecosystem
effects water density, thermal capacity, availability of nutrients
what type of fish is freshwater
hyperosmotic; more salts in the tissue, gain water by osmosis
what type of fish are saltwater
hypo-osmosis; less salt in the tissue, loses water by osmosis
species that tolerate higher salt concentrations in their cells than regular plants
halophytes
which piece of plastic-resists longest in the environment
fishing line
what type of micro plastics disrupt tissue structure
petroleum based and biodegradable
how are terrestrial biomes classified
by annual precipitation and temperature
how are aquatic biomes classified
classified by water salinity, current strength, water depth, oxygen content, light availability
what is different between the upper and lower hemisphere
The lower hemisphere has more land
when a piece of land is constantly thawing and freezing in the arctic, what features are shown
periglacier
where in the arctic is there little vegetation
arctic cordillera
why is the arctic desert considered as a desert
very little precipitation. no soil, not much to sustain
why are arctic plains important
supports artic meadows, great density herbivores
what is a sympatic environment
where water is mosty solid, creates and entires food web or biotic community
what is a subnivean
sea ice habitat for seals, resting and hunting platform
how are killer Wales entering the Hudson Bay
climate change is melting the ice and causing access for killer Wales to enter
what is biodiversity
the variety of life forms that exist now and existed in the past
what is the “carrying capacity”
the maximum population size that can be sustained by an environment
how are exotherms important when understanding climate change
exotherms rely on the environments temperature. As the temperatures increase because of climate change, the population is affected
how many species of fish can actually live outside of water
over 400 species
how do these fish breathe outside of the water
through pore respiration
why are Ethiopias sacred forests important
raise water tables, reduce desertification, lower temperatures because of the shade the trees give, block winds
what is the chytrid disease usually found in salamanders. What is is caused by
an infectious disease caused by a fungus
what do acoustic tags do
emit an acoustic signal that is detected by receivers when the fish are in range, providing information on when fish pass certain points in the ecosystem
warm environments with large amounts of rainfalls; trees and other plants show high diversity are classified as
tropical rainforests
low levels of rainfall and moderate temperatures; trees are generally absent. this environment is classified as
temperate grasslands
arid treeless and cold environment; plants are low and scrubby, and the soil may be frozen year round.
tundra
in coral bleaching, warm water corals lose what? how does that affect the coral
algal symbionts, affects the skeletal growth
what is the resident time for a water to cycle the atmosphere
days
what is the resident time for a water to cycle through soil
weeks to a year
what is the resident time for a water to cycle through lakes
10s of years
what is the resident time for a water to cycle through oceans and glacier
1000a of years
cold water corals in Nova Scotia are considered a foundation species because
they provide essential habitat for many other species
the arctic cordillera is an ecosystem characterized by
mountains, steep coastal cliffs, glaciers and sea birds
solar panels near the equator are more efficient at producing green energy than solar panels in temperate location because
at the equator, solar energy enters the atmosphere at a steep angle and therefore is more concentrated per unit area
carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas of major concern because
it is found in high concentration in the atmosphere relative to other greenhouse gases, and therefore it has a major effect on climate change
a community or organisms and its physical environment
ecosystem
the regions on the surface of the earth and the atmosphere where living organisms exist
biosphere
major types of habitat characterized by distinctive plant and animal life, shaped by large scale climatic processes
biomes
