Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 100 > BIO Exam 4 > Flashcards

BIO Exam 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is population size?

A

total number of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is population density?

A

number of individuals per unit area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

To estimate population size biologists use 3 methods listed on the slide. What are they?

A

Quadrat, Transect, Mark and Recapture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three main patterns of spacing of a population?

A
  1. Clumped
  2. Uniform
  3. Random
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes the spacing of a population?

A

resource availablitiy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type I survivorship curve has how many offspring and what type of care?

A

low mortality in early and middle years and occurs mostly in older individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type II survivorship curve has how many offspring and what type of care?

A

mortality is relatively constant throughout the entire life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A curve that is J-shaped is what kind of growth

A

exponential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A curve that is S-shaped is what kind of growth

A

logistical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 factors that influence how fast a population grows

A
  1. Birth rate
  2. Mortality rate
  3. Emigration
  4. Immigration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How are individuals moving when emigrating?

A

away from the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How are individuals moving when immigrating?

A

moving to the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What natural abiotic events can limit population size

A

natural phenomena such as water events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What biotic events can limit population size?

A
  1. Predator
  2. Disease
  3. Parasites
  4. Competition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When human population grows animal (BLANK) increases?

A

extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is carrying capacity

A

max population size a particular enviornment can support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Quadrats, transect, and mark and recapture sampling are all used to

A

estimate population size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The human population currently shows

A

exponential growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The maximum population size that a particular environment can support is called

A

carrying capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the biosphere

A

thin outer layer of the earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the biosphere do?

A

support life (all organisms live here)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define Ecology

A

Study of the relationship of organisms to their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define population

A

group of individuals of a single species living in close proximity and capable of interbreeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What defines a habitat?

A

This is where the organisms live (the address-where we go to find it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A Niche is like a species (BLANK) in a habitat

A

role/job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What happens in a predator/prey interaction

A

predator benefits and the prey is harmed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What happens in herbivory?

A

benefits the animal but harms the planet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What kind of defense against predation can animals have?

A

mechanical or chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mechanical defense

A

armor in animals, thorns in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Chemical defense

A

Toxins- latex, digitalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The southern masked-weaver is starting to make a nest in a tree in Zambezi Valley. This is an example of what kind of relationship?

A

symbiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is mutualism

A

when both members from a pair of species benefit from their interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Who benefits in mutualism

A

both parties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is parasitism? Who benefits?

A

parasite benefits and harms the hosts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Predator-prey relationship led to mimicry. Explain

A

Harmless species mimic those that have toxins or stings (Batesian mimicry)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Explain a foundation species give an example

A

base/bedrock of a species (usually primary consumers) EX. coral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is a Keystone Species

A

species that maintain ecological community structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What predator example (for keystone species) did we learn about more than once

A

wolves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What harm do invasive species cause?

A

they alter the community they invade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The study of the relationship to their environment is

A

ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Foundation species such as (BLANK) are the “bedrock” of the community

A

coral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The wolves in Yellowstone National Park help to control herbivores, they are considered (BLANK)

A

keystone species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

When 2 species interact, and one species benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed, it is called

A

commensalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

This category of species disrupts the biodiversity of an ecosystem?

A

invasive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The environment is the sum of (BLANK)

A

biotic and abiotic elements that surround and influence an organism

46
Q

What is the largest ecosystem?

A

biosphere

47
Q

Define biotic

A

all organisms: plants, animals, microbes in soil

48
Q

define abiotic

A

temperature precipitation (moisture), sunlight, wind, soil type/nutrients, and occurrence of disturbances

49
Q

Natural disturbance examples are?

A

fires, floods, avalanches, rockslides

50
Q

Human caused disturbances examples are?

A
  1. agriculture
  2. pollution
  3. acid rain
  4. deforestation
  5. overfishing
  6. oil spills
  7. dumping
51
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

a dynamic state of an ecosystem in which biodiversity remain somewhat constant

52
Q

What is resistance

A

ability of an ecosystem to remain at equilibrium in spite of disturbances

53
Q

What is resilience

A

speed which the ecosystem recovers equilibrium after being disturbed

54
Q

What are the 4 trophic levels in the diagram

A
  1. Produces
  2. Primary consumers
  3. Secondary consumers
  4. Tertiary consumers
55
Q

Where does the lowest trophic level get energy from

A

sun

56
Q

Omnivores eat what? examples>

A

eat plants and animals (Ex. raccoons, bears, and humans)

57
Q

What is the energy last as, as it transfers between trophic levels

A

heat

58
Q

The final link in the food chain is the (BLANK). WHat do they do?

A

decomposers breakdown organic materials into forms that can be reassimilated by producers

59
Q

Concentration of some toxic substances as you go up the trophic levels is called what?

A

biomagnification

60
Q

How much energy flows to the next trophic level

A

about 10%

61
Q

The elements needed for living organisms are recycled between living organisms and their non-living environment. These cycles are?

A

Biogeochemical

62
Q

Thye tilt of the earth is responsible for how the sun’s rays heat the earth. This influences (BLANK)

A

climate

63
Q

Why is it cooler in the winter in the North

A

low density of incident rays

64
Q

Why is it warmer in the summer in the north

A

high density of incident rays

65
Q

Is the tropical rain forest wet or dry

A

wet

66
Q

what plant types/growth are in the tropical rain forests

A

year-round plant growth

67
Q

Tropical rain forest: hot or cold

A

hot

68
Q

Which biomes do we live in here in Connecticut?

A

grasslands

69
Q

Are savannas wet or dry

A

wet

70
Q

savannas plant type/growth

A

grasses with scattered trees

71
Q

Savannas: hot or cold

A

hot

72
Q

Deserts: wet or fry

A

dry

73
Q

Desert: plant type/growth

A

Desert plants have reduced foliage, drought-resistant seeds, and adaptations to conserve water (Deep roots, water storing stems)

74
Q

Desert: Hot or cold

A

hot days cold nights

75
Q

Chaparral: wet or dry

A

wet

76
Q

Chaparral: plant types/ growth

A

short shrubs

77
Q

Chaparral: hot or cold

A

Hot dry summers and wet cool winters

78
Q

Grasslands: wet or dry

A

dry

79
Q

Grasslands: hot or cold

A

hot summers cold winters

80
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest: wet or dry

A

wet

81
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forest: hot or cold

A

Summers are warm & winters are relatively cold

82
Q

Boreal Forest: wet or dry

A

wet

83
Q

Boreal Forest:plant types or growth

A

conifers (spruce, pine, fur)

84
Q

Boreal Forest: hot or cold

A

cold

85
Q

Tundra: hot or cold

A

severely cold

86
Q

Tundra: wet or dry

A

dry

87
Q

Aquatic/ marine environment represents what amount of the earth’s biosphere?

A

a largest portion

88
Q

Which term describes the process whereby toxic substances increase as you go up trophic levels?

A

biomagnification

89
Q

The majority of the water on Earth is found as:

A

salt water

90
Q

humans are

A

omnivores

91
Q

Which of the following biomes is severely cold, treeless and has permafrost

A

tundra

92
Q

Which of the following biomes is characterized by abundant water resources and year-round growth?

A

tropical rain forest

93
Q

Measures of biodiversity at several levels of biological organizations including which groups?

A
  1. genes
  2. species
  3. populations
  4. ecosystems
94
Q

Genetic diversity (or variation) is the raw material for what?

A

adaptation

95
Q

What group has highly restricted distributions, are particularly vulnerable to extinction?

A

endemics

96
Q

Biodiversity in almost every taxonomic group of organisms (BLANK) closer to the (BLANK) and (BLANK) toward the (BLANK)

A

increases, equator, declines, poles

97
Q

(BLANK) and (BLANK) are particularly vulnerable to (BLANK) threats from introduced species?

A

Lakes, Islands, extinction

98
Q

Biodiversity is important to humans. Give three examples

A
  1. potential uses for chemicals from species (medications
  2. Agriculture
  3. Ecosystem service
  4. Wild food sources
99
Q

The three biggest threats to biodiversity are

A
  1. Habitat loss
  2. overharvesting
  3. introduction of exotic species
100
Q

What is the biggest threat to biodiversity

A

human population growth

101
Q

Wild fish populations are under threat from

A

overharvesting

102
Q

Who relies on fish for protein

A

humans

103
Q

This is known as (BLANK) because no-one owns the fishery

A

tragedy of the commons

104
Q

What treaty no longer allows exotic pets (parrots, turtles, orangutangs etc.) to be
imported from other countries?

A

Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

105
Q

At-risk species are listed, protect a management plan created for recovery to
sustainable number under which Act in the U.S.?

A

Endangered Species Act

106
Q

This Act from 1918 protects all feathers, nest, and eggs from harm or disturbance for
species like piping plovers, northern cardinals, hawks, vultures?

A

Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)

107
Q

What Agreement focuses on climate change with a goal of limiting average
temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius or less?

A

Paris Agreement

108
Q

How has climate change effected Connecticut?

A
  1. 2 degrees F rise in average temperature
  2. Average sea level has risen 6-8 inches since 1960’s
109
Q

What is the best way to preserve the most species beyond laws and treaties?

A

Establishment of wildlife and ecosystem preserve ( the larger the better)

110
Q

What is the Yellowstone experiment?

A

suggested that restoring a keystone species effectively can have the effect of restoring biodiversity in the community

111
Q

What is the biggest impact zoos have on conservation of species beyond captive
breeding?

A

education

Biology 100 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions