Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 100 > BIO Exam 1 > Flashcards

BIO Exam 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the eight properties of life?

A
  1. Order
  2. Response to stimuli
  3. Reproduction
    4.Adaptation
  4. Growth and development
  5. Regulation
  6. Homeostasis
  7. Energy Processing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is adaptation important?

A

This ensures that animals best suited to the enviornment reproduce and pass on their DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Levels of organizarion (smallest to largest)

A
  1. Atom
  2. Molecule
  3. Macromolecule
  4. Organelle
  5. Cell
  6. Tissue
  7. Organ
  8. System organism
  9. Community
  10. Population
  11. Biosphere
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Largest level of organization

A

biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

smallest level of organization

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an example of a stimuli response?

A

Animals adjust their body temperature depending on the weather.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why do animals reproduce?

A

To ensure the survival of their species. (Organisms must reproduce to pass their genes (DNA) to their offspring)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is adaption?

A

A consequence of evolution by natural selection animals adapt over generations to their environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do animals grow? (what process)

A

cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Regulation

A

System of the body, such as the circulatory system. Ensure that nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water get distributed throughout the body. There are many systems directing and coordinating this regulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The organisms way of maintaining stable internal conditions in response to the changes in the external and internal environment. (Ex. body temp or sugar in the blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is energy processing related to the other properties?

A

For an animals’ body to do anything it requires energy! Energy is how the body takes food and uses it as fuel. This allows the body to move, build, grow, develop, maintain homeostasis, respond to stimuli, and reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Who came up with the system of hierarchial taxonomy?

A

Carl Linnaeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Catergories of hierarchial taxonomy?

A
  1. Kindgdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Genus
  7. Species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the genus and species of humans

A

Genus: Homo
Species: Sapiens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why study chemistry at the beginning of Zoology?

A

Animals are composed of chemicals that underlie and provide for all bodily functions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is all matter composed of?

A

Elements which are made of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What states can matter be in?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are subatomic particles?

A

protons, neutrons, electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is made of subatomic particles?

A

Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a compound?

A

when two or more different atoms bind together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a molecule?

A

when two or more atoms combine chemically (bonds form) of the same element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the three types of bonds?

A

ionic, covalent, hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Water is a (BLANK) bond?

A

covalent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ionic bonds . . .

A

transfer electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

covalent bonds . . .

A

sharing of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

organic matter

A

Contain carbon
Large, covalently bonded
Carbs, nucleic acids, fats, and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

inorganic matter

A

Lack carbon
Small, simple molecules
Water, salts, acids, bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the 6 special properties of water?

A
  1. Hydrogen Bonds
  2. Polarity
  3. Temperature Stabilizer
  4. Cohesion
  5. Adhesion
  6. Universal Solvent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What animal takes advantage of water properties?

A

Water spider

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Why does ice float?

A

As water freezes, it expands and its density decreases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why can a pin float on water?

A

Because of cohesion. The weight of the pin pulls it down but the surface tension in the water is holding it up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What kind of compounds are salts?

A

ionic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What happens to salt in water?

A

It dissolves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A liquid containing free-moving ions which conducts electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is an acid?

A

Its sour and can dissolve metals, proton donors because they release H+ ions, pH less than 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is a base

A

bitter, slippery, proton acceptors becuase they accept H+ ions, their pH is greater than 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What does a buffer do?

A

act to maintain pH stability in the body by binding the extra H+ or OH-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the four major molecules of life?

A
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Nucleic acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Polymers are chains of . . .

A

monomers

44
Q

How are polymers linked together?

A

dehydration synthesis

45
Q

How are polymers broken apart?

A

hydrolysis (hydro=water, lysis= split)

46
Q

dehydration

A

remove water

47
Q

synthesis

A

to build

48
Q

What are carbohydrates made of?

A

Sugars and starches are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

49
Q

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

50
Q

What are lipids?

A

fats and oil

51
Q

Fats can be classified as. . .

A

saturated or unsaturated

52
Q

saturated fats

A

fats that are solid at room temperature

53
Q

unsaturated fats

A

a fat that is liquid at room temp as found in vegatable oils, nuts, and seeds

54
Q

amino acids are

A

building blocks of proteins

55
Q

amino acids are joined to form

A

polypeptides/ protein (polymer)

56
Q

proteins are folded and

A

are more complex with each folding

57
Q

nucleic acids include what molecules

A

DNA, RNA, ATP

58
Q

What did James Watson and Francis Crick get the Nobel prize for?

A

the molecular structure of DNA

59
Q

Why should they have given Rosalind Frankiln some more credit?

A

It was her X-ray diffraction image that she worked on with her graduate student

60
Q

Genes are made up of what?

A

DNA

61
Q

What cells do cuttlefish, squid and octopus have that allows them to change color?

A

chromatophores cells

62
Q

What is the cell theory?

A

All organiisms are made of cells. Cells are the basic unit of life

63
Q

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

A
  • Prokaryotes have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (small and simple)
  • Eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (large and complex)
  • Both can reproduce and respond to the environment.
64
Q

What do bacteria lack?

A

nuclei and membrane-bound organelle

65
Q

Bacteria is a . . .

A

prokaryote

66
Q

Where is DNA located?

A

nucleus

67
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have DNA?

A

yes, in the nucleoid

68
Q

What are the three basic parts of a eukaryoti cell?

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

69
Q

Where in the eukaryotic cell can you find organelles?

A

Cytoplasm

70
Q

Where in the eukaryotic cell can you find DNA?

A

nucleus

71
Q

In a eukaryotic cell the ctyoplasm contains . .

A
  1. Cytosol
  2. Organelles
  3. Cytoskeleton
72
Q

What are the seven organelles?

A
  1. Mitochondria
  2. Ribsosome
  3. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  4. Golgi Apparatus
  5. Lysosomes
  6. Peroxisomes
  7. Cytoskeleton
73
Q

Mitochondria

A

Carries out the reactions from the ATP which can be used for cell activities. The organelle is the site of ATP (energy) production. Powerhouse of the cell

74
Q

What is the powerhouse of the cell?

A

Mitochondria

75
Q

Ribosomes

A

The site of protein synthesis, these are tiny bead-like globules that can be attached to endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) or free floating.

76
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A

System of tubules that coil and twist in the cytoplasm. They carry substances through the cell (proteins)

77
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

It modifies, packages, and directs cellular proteins.

78
Q

Lysosomes

A

The sacs contain digestive enzymes to break down:
- worn our cells parts
- Digestive byproducts
- Foreign substances

79
Q

Peroxisomes

A

contain powerful enzymes, but more specifically those that disable free radicals in the cell. (very active in detoxification (liver, kidney))

80
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A system of proteins that provide the scaffolding and internal structure of the cell . It determines cell shape, and allows for cell transport and cell movement.

81
Q

Where are proteins made?

A

ribosomes

82
Q

Which organelle packages proteins?

A

Golgi Apparatus

83
Q

Which organelle “cleans up” the worn out parts?

A

lysosomes

84
Q

What is the cytoskeletons functions?

A

provide the scaffolding and internal structure of the cell

85
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

finger-like projections of the cell membrane that increase the surface area (small intestine)

86
Q

What is the function of flagella?

A

tail-like single extension (sperm)

87
Q

What is the function of Cilia?

A

move substances along cell surface (trachea)

88
Q

What process is anabolism?

A

small molecules are built into larger ones. (requires energy)

89
Q

What process is catabolism?

A

large molecules are broken down into smaller ones. (Energy is released)

90
Q

Chemical energy in an ice cream cone is converted into what kind of energy?

A

kinetic energy

91
Q

Metabolism

A

the sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions that allow an animal to grow, reproduce and survive. It is influenced by age, height, weight, sex, and genetic factors

92
Q

Which animal has a fast metabolism?

A

eurasian pygmy shrews

93
Q

Which animal has a slow metabolism?

A

Three-Toed Sloth

94
Q

Can any substance alter metabolism?

A

Yes. Caffine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA (reduce urge to eat food)

95
Q

Cellular respiration happens in what organelle?

A

Mitochondria

96
Q

still water has. . .

A

potential energy

97
Q

Moving water has what kind of energy?

A

Kinetic energy

98
Q

Endergonic processes are ones that .. .

A

require energy

99
Q

example of endergonic process

A

plants growing, chicken growing in an egg

100
Q

Exergonic processes are ones that. . .

A

release energy

101
Q

example of an exergonic process

A

tea bag in water, ball rolling down a hill

102
Q

Enzymes do what to a reaction?

A

lower the activation energy of the reaction but dont change the free energy of the reaction

103
Q

A substrate fits into the (BLANK) of the enzyme

A

active site

104
Q

After the reaction what happens to the enzyme?

A

changes the shape of the active site to either fit or not fit the substrate

105
Q

(BLANK) if an enzyme is how what drug lowers cholesterol levels?

A

Staints, Tylenol

106
Q

Do feedback loops occur? Is more than one enzyme used? Can inhibition be part of the process?

A

yes

107
Q

What are the three part of the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Microfilaments
  2. Intermediate Filaments
  3. Microtubules

Biology 100 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions