bio exam 2

Question 1

Name the gel-like coating that surrounds the cell wall of a bacterium.

Answer 1

glycocalyx

Question 2

what type of endocytosis brings water from the surrounding environment into the cell

Answer 2

Pinocytosis

Question 3

Where are ribosomes within the chloroplast?

Answer 3

the stoma

Question 4

A Hydrogen Ion Pump uses ATP to power the pumping of hydrogen ions into the stomach. In the process, a phosphate from the ATP is temporarily attached to the membrane pump. How does the attachment of the phosphate to the pump cause the pump to move hydrogen ions into the stomach? 21. Name the type of endocytosis

Answer 4

it causes a conformational change in the protein structure of the pump, essentially changing its shape, which then opens a binding site for hydrogen ions on the cytoplasmic side, allowing them to be transported across the membrane and released into the stomach lumen

Question 5

3 organelles plants and animals have

Answer 5

nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane

Question 6

how are cells recycled through autophagy

Answer 6

through a process where damaged cell components are engulfed by a membrane structure called an autophagosome, which then fuses with a lysosome, allowing the lysosomal enzymes to break down the cellular debris into reusable building blocks

Question 7

2 differences between archea and bacteria

Answer 7

he composition of their cell walls, where bacteria have peptidoglycan while archaea do not

Question 8

How long is the typical bacterium

Answer 8

between 1-10 micrometers

Question 9

Aside from the rough ER, the smooth ER and the Golgi, name two other parts of the endomembrane
system.

Answer 9

lysosomes and vesicles

Question 10

how
does mRNA move from inside the nucleus out to the cytoplasm?

Answer 10

by passing through the nuclear pore