bio exam 2 Flashcards
List three differences and three similarities between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic- Multicellular, multiple paired diploid chromosomes, distinct nucleus
Similarities- Ribosomes, cell membranes, DNA/RNA
Prokaryotic- Unicellular, haploid (n) chromosome, free floating genetic material
What is the plasma membrane?
Double layered, phospholipid, protein studded membrane
What is the main function of the nucleus?
To contain and protect the genetic material of the cell
Describe the structure of the nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope is two lipid bi-layers. Has nuclear pores in it (rosettes of proteins)
What is the function of the nuclear pore?
hey form a connection between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm
What is the nucleolus?
The site of where ribosomes get made (ribosome synthesis)
Chromatin
e darkly staining material inside the nucleus made up of 1/3 DNA,1/3 RNA and 1/3 protein (mainly histones which package up the DNA) Dr. Gan’s definition is that chromatin is simply diffused DNA
What are ribosomes?
They are composed of proteins and rRNA, made of large and small subunits and site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes are divided into two types depending on where they are in the cell?
Free ribosomes- loose in cytoplasm + make proteins that stay in cell
Bound Ribosomes- attached to the endoplasmic reticulum + make proteins that will be secreted
.There are two parts of the Endoplasmic Reticulum, the Rough ER and the Smooth ER. Which part of the ER has more of a tubule structure. What part of the ER is coated with ribosomes. What part of the ER is responsible for synthesizing phospholipids? What
part of the ER functions to detoxify poisons, what part o the ER is responsible for
synthesizing membrane proteins.
he outside of the rough ER is coated with ribosomes. The smooth ER has a more tubule structure. The smooth Er is involved in synthesizing phospholipids as well as detoxifying poisons (in the liver). The rough ER is responsible for synthesizing membrane proteins.
.Physically what is the lumen of the ER?
The membranous sac (hollow portion) of the ER
The Golgi is sometimes called the “sorting center” of the cell because it sorts where different proteins go in the endomembrane system. Where are the proteins sorted by the golgi synthesized? How do proteins physically get into the Golgi?
They are synthesized in the ER. The proteins physically get into the golgi from transport vesicles from the side that is facing the Er (cis face of golgi
What is the function of the lysosome?
o digest (break down)large molecules and waste products of cell using hydrolytic enzymes
The enzymes of the lysosome are only active at low pH. How does the lysosome lower the pH within the lysosome?
To maintain the acidic pH, lysosomes must actively concentrate H+ ions, this is by a proton pump in the lysosomal membrane (actively transports protons into the lysosome from the cytoplasm to the lumen of
3 differences between archea and bacteria
cell wall composition, different lipids within the cell and archea are not susceptible to antibiotics
