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BIO Lecture > BIO Exam #1 > Flashcards

BIO Exam #1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 7 properties of life?

A
  1. Order to Structure
  2. Reproduction
  3. Growth and Development
  4. Evolutionary Adaptation
  5. Response to the Environment
  6. Regulation (homeostasis)
  7. Energy Processing
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2
Q

Viruses don’t have all the properties of life, but they do some key things:

A
  1. Order to Structure
  2. Do Reproduce
  3. Do Adapt
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3
Q

What is the Hierarchy of Life?

A
  1. Biosphere
  2. Ecosystems
  3. Community
  4. Population
  5. Organisms
  6. Organ Systems
  7. Organs
  8. Tissues
  9. Cell
  10. Organelles
  11. Molecules
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4
Q

Ecosystems are…

A

Organisms in a specific area

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5
Q

Communities are…

A

Specific organisms in ecosystems

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6
Q

Populations are…

A

A single species in a community

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7
Q

Organisms are…

A

An individual living thing; there are not just multicellular but also unicellular organisms

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8
Q

What are the types of tissues?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

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9
Q

Cells are the…

A

Unit of life

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10
Q

Molecules are made of…

A

Atoms and atoms are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons

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11
Q

Occupies, space, mass, and elements

A

Matter

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12
Q

Different elements in fixed ratios

A

Compound

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13
Q

2 or more atoms linked by covalent bonds

A

Molecule

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14
Q

Different # of neutrons

A

Isotope

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15
Q

What are the macro elements (96%)?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

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16
Q

The smallest unit of matter that retains properties of an element

A

Atom

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17
Q

Protons and neutrons are located in the … electrons floating around

A

Center

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18
Q

Atomic mass =

A

Protons + Neutrons

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19
Q

Atomic #=

A

of Protons

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20
Q

Loss/ gain e- by one atom to another

A

Ionic Bond

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21
Q

Charged atom/molecules, lost of gained e-

A

Ion

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22
Q

E- shared

A

Covalent bond

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23
Q

Polar covalent

A

Not equally

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24
Q

Non-polar covalent

A

Equally

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25
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

No e- involved

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26
Q

Chemical reactions break and remake chemical bonds to…

A

Form new compounds/ molecules

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27
Q

What are water’s life-supporting properties?

A

Due to hydrogen bonding water can
1. Adhesive- stick to other molecules
2. Cohesive- stick to itself, surface tension
3. Absorb/release a lot of heat w/o getting too hot or too cold too fast
4. Less dense when frozen (floats)

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28
Q

Universal solvent

A

Water

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29
Q

Water-loving (polar)

A

Hydrophilic

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30
Q

Water-hating (non-polar)

A

Hydrophobic

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31
Q

Solution=

A

Solute+Solvent

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32
Q

As you go to acidic (7-0)…

A

+ 10x

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33
Q

As you go to basic (0-14)

A

-10x

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34
Q

More H+

A

Acidic

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35
Q

More OH-

A

Basic

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36
Q

Donates H+ in aqueous solution

A

Acid

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37
Q

Absorbs H+ from aqueous solution

A

Base

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38
Q

Maintains pH by absorbing and releasing H+ as needed

A

Buffer

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39
Q

Caused by pollutants/ excess CO2 in the atmosphere

A

Acid rain/ocean acidification

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40
Q

OH-

A

Hydroxide ion

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41
Q

Monomer: Monosaccharides
Polymer: Disaccharide, Polysaccharide
Example: Starch

A

Carbohydrates

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42
Q

Monomer: Amino Acids
Polymer: Polypeptide/ Protein
Example: Keratin

A

Protein

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43
Q

Monomer: Fatty acid chains, Glycerol
Polymer: Fats, Oils, Waxes, Phospholipids, Steriods
Example: Corn oil

A

Lipid

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44
Q

Monomer: Nucleotide
Polymer: Nucleic Acid
Example: RNA, DNA

A

Nucleic Acids

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45
Q

Organic Compounds

A

Hydrocarbon

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46
Q

Carbon is…

A

The most common element, 4 covalent bonds

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47
Q

Study Functional Groups

A

Fig. 3.2

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48
Q

Bond btw amino acids

A

Peptide

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49
Q

One chemical unit

A

Monomer

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50
Q

Many monomers

A

Polymer

51
Q

Links monomers together to form polymers

A

Dehydration reaction

52
Q

Breaks down polymers

A

Hydrolysis

53
Q

Glucose and fructose, energy

A

Monosaccharides

54
Q

Chemicals w/same formula but different structure/properties

A

Isomer

55
Q

C6H12O6

A

Chemical formula for glucose and fructose

56
Q

Lactose and sucrose

A

Disaccharides

57
Q

Storage- starch in plants, glycogen in animals
Structural- cellulose in plant cell wall and chitin in insects/ fungi

A

Polysaccharides

58
Q

Main energy source

A

Lipids

59
Q

Cell Communication and regulation, hydrophobic, fatty acid chain, glycerol

A

Lipids

60
Q

Store energy in a smaller space, a long-term energy source

A

Fats

61
Q

Kinky fats, better for you, double bonds, liquid at room temp, plants

A

Unsaturated fat

62
Q

Straight chains, solid at room temp, animal

A

Saturated fat

63
Q

Phospholipids

A

Cell membranes

64
Q

Steroids (fats with rings)

A

Hormones

65
Q

Composed of chains of fatty acids, R group differs

A

Proteins

66
Q

Enzymes, defense, transport, support, cellular motion, regulation, storage (most diverse set of functions)

A

Proteins

67
Q

Determines what Amino Acids can do

A

R group

68
Q

Lose shape due to changes in pH and temperature

A

Denatured

69
Q

A double-stranded nucleic acid containing hereditary info in the form of genes (encode for proteins) that control cell - Deoxyribose sugar, ACTG

A

DNA

70
Q

Single-stranded nucleic acid is important for helping turn genes in DNA into proteins -Ribose sugar, ACUG

A

RNA

71
Q

Monomer-nucleotide has three parts…

A

Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base

72
Q

LM

A

Light Microscope

73
Q

SEM

A

Scanning Electron Microscope

74
Q

TEM

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

75
Q

Robert Hooke 1665…

A

Cork

76
Q

Schleiden and Schwann…

A

Plant and animal cells; started the idea of modern cell theory (1-3)

77
Q

Virchow 1857…

A

Omnis cellula e cellula

78
Q

Magnification

A

Make larger

79
Q

Resolution

A

Distinguish 2 objects as separate

80
Q

Why does size matter in cell terms?

A

Need enough surface area for nutrients and wastes to move in and out fast enough to keep the cell alive; need more surface area (membrane) than volume (cytoplasm)

81
Q

Modern Cell Theory

A
  1. All organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
  2. Cells are the smallest living units of all living organisms
  3. New cells form only from the division of a previously existing cell
  4. All cells have DNA, cytoplasm, and a plasma membrane
82
Q

Actin Filaments

A

Change shape and move

83
Q

Intermediate Filaments

A

Reinforce cell and anchor organelles

84
Q

Microtubules

A

Anchor organelles, move stuff long distances and compose both flagella (movement of the whole cell) and cilia (move things over/into a cell)

85
Q

Cell Surfaces

A

Where cells interact with their environment and each other

86
Q

3 Types of Cell Junctions

A

Tight, Anchoring, Gap

87
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Closer to the inside; leak-proof sheet of cells

88
Q

Anchoring Junctions

A

Patches; give tissues flexibility

89
Q

Gap Junction

A

Communication

90
Q

Study Labeling a Animal, Plant, and Prokaryotic Cell

A

Handout and Notes

91
Q

Fimbriae

A

Prokaryotic

92
Q

Capsule

A

Prokaryotic

93
Q

Nucleoid Region

A

Prokaryotic

94
Q

Ribosomes

A

Prokaryotic, Plant, and Animal

95
Q

RNA/protein; make/synthesize proteins (assembled in the nucleus)

A

Ribosomes

96
Q

Nucleus

A

Plant and Animal

97
Q

Control center of a cell that contains DNA (chromosomes)

A

Nucleus

98
Q

Smooth ER

A

Plant and Animal

99
Q

Makes lipids; processes toxins and drugs; stores and releases ions

A

Smooth ER

100
Q

Rough ER

A

Plant and Animal

101
Q

Puts phospholipids together to make membranes and help make proteins

A

Rough ER

102
Q

Golgi

A

Plant and Animal

103
Q

Finishes, sorts, and ships cell products to other organelles or cell surface; makes polysaccharides and lipids

A

Golgi

104
Q

Vacuoles

A

Plant and Animal

105
Q

Water balance, breakdown material, storage, growth

A

Vacuoles

106
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Plant and Animal

107
Q

Organelles cell structure and activities; anchor things

A

Cytoskeleton

108
Q

Centrosome

A

Animal

109
Q

Flagella

A

Prokaryotic and Animal

110
Q

Help cells move

A

Flagella

111
Q

Cilia

A

Animal

112
Q

Mitochondria

A

Plant and Animal

113
Q

Break down organic molecules to make ATP (cellular respiration)

A

Mitochondria

114
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Plant

115
Q

Photosynthesis, chemical energy (sugars)

A

Chloroplasts

116
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Prokaryotic, Animal, Plant

117
Q

Cell Wall

A

Prokaryotic and Plant

118
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Plant

119
Q

Channels

A

Plasmodesmata

120
Q

Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM)

A

Animal

121
Q

A sticky layer of glycoproteins and proteins; binds cells together in tissues

A

ECM

122
Q

Protect, support, and join; regulate cell behavior, control communication btw cells

A

Cell structure

123
Q

Rigid wall made of cellulose, connected by plasmodesmata

A

Plant cell wall

124
Q

ECM; no cell wall

A

Animal cell

BIO Lecture (4 decks)

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