Bio Diversity Lecture Test 1 Flashcards
What are the 3 domains in biology?
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Fundamental Properties of Life
- Cellular Organization
- Energy Utilization
- Homeostasis
- Growth, development, reproduction
- Heredity
Hierarchical Organization
Cells→ Tissues→ Organs→ Systems→ Organism→ Species→ Population→ Community→ Ecosystem→ Biosphere
What is biodiversity?
Variety of life on Earth at all its levels
How is biodiversity valuable?
It is helpful for current and future medicines, along with sources of energy.
What percentage of species perished in the Permian Period?
96%
- What was the 5th mass extinction?
- 6th?
- Cretaceous Extinction
- Holocene Mass Extinction
Define speciation
continuous population divided into 2 or more smaller populations
Give and explain an example of Natural selection
- The large-billed finches, larger bill is beneficial in eating larger foods.
- White fur of arctic animals, helps them hide in the snow
Give and explain an example of random mutation
- An animal with 5 legs can compete more readily for resources than a 4-legged animal because they have more legs which can make them faster.
- A 3-eyed animal can see better than a 2-eyed animal making them more aware of their surroundings.
Define systematics
the study of evolutionary and genetic relationships among organisms
Define phylogenetics
study of patterns of relatedness among species through anatomical, molecular, and/or behavioral features
Define Taxonomy
classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates relationships
Define and give an example of homologous
similar charactersistics descended from a common ancestor
Ex: wings on bats and birds
Define and give an example of analogous
similar characteristics that arose independently in different groups
Ex: Wings on bats (mammals) & butterflies (insects)
Define and give an example of plesiomorphy
ancestral (primitive) characteristics
Ex: cranium found in all vertebrate animals
Define and give an example of apomorphy
derived (unique) characteristics
Ex: Hair found only in mammals
Define and give an example of synapomorphy
shared b/w atleast 2 groups
Ex: No tail on gorillas (mammals) and Humans (homosapiens)
species from a common ancestor known to have diverged before the ingroup
outgroup
What are sister groups?
groups that are most closely related and have a common ancestral group (identified at nodes)
Occam’s razor/ Law of Parsimony
The cladogram w/ the fewest number of evolutionary changes is favored (most simple tree)
Monophyletic
all members share a common single ancestor not shared w/ other species
Polyphyletic
Includes some but not all of the groups that have a common ancestor
Paraphyletic
Groups that do not include the last common ancestor of all members
