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Bio diversity > Bio Diversity Lecture Test 1 > Flashcards

Bio Diversity Lecture Test 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 domains in biology?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

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2
Q

Fundamental Properties of Life

A
  1. Cellular Organization
  2. Energy Utilization
  3. Homeostasis
  4. Growth, development, reproduction
  5. Heredity
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3
Q

Hierarchical Organization

A

Cells→ Tissues→ Organs→ Systems→ Organism→ Species→ Population→ Community→ Ecosystem→ Biosphere

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4
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Variety of life on Earth at all its levels

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5
Q

How is biodiversity valuable?

A

It is helpful for current and future medicines, along with sources of energy.

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6
Q

What percentage of species perished in the Permian Period?

A

96%

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7
Q
  1. What was the 5th mass extinction?
  2. 6th?
A
  1. Cretaceous Extinction
  2. Holocene Mass Extinction
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8
Q

Define speciation

A

continuous population divided into 2 or more smaller populations

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9
Q

Give and explain an example of Natural selection

A
  1. The large-billed finches, larger bill is beneficial in eating larger foods.
  2. White fur of arctic animals, helps them hide in the snow
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10
Q

Give and explain an example of random mutation

A
  1. An animal with 5 legs can compete more readily for resources than a 4-legged animal because they have more legs which can make them faster.
  2. A 3-eyed animal can see better than a 2-eyed animal making them more aware of their surroundings.
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11
Q

Define systematics

A

the study of evolutionary and genetic relationships among organisms

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12
Q

Define phylogenetics

A

study of patterns of relatedness among species through anatomical, molecular, and/or behavioral features

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13
Q

Define Taxonomy

A

classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates relationships

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14
Q

Define and give an example of homologous

A

similar charactersistics descended from a common ancestor
Ex: wings on bats and birds

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15
Q

Define and give an example of analogous

A

similar characteristics that arose independently in different groups
Ex: Wings on bats (mammals) & butterflies (insects)

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16
Q

Define and give an example of plesiomorphy

A

ancestral (primitive) characteristics
Ex: cranium found in all vertebrate animals

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17
Q

Define and give an example of apomorphy

A

derived (unique) characteristics
Ex: Hair found only in mammals

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18
Q

Define and give an example of synapomorphy

A

shared b/w atleast 2 groups
Ex: No tail on gorillas (mammals) and Humans (homosapiens)

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19
Q

species from a common ancestor known to have diverged before the ingroup

A

outgroup

20
Q

What are sister groups?

A

groups that are most closely related and have a common ancestral group (identified at nodes)

21
Q

Occam’s razor/ Law of Parsimony

A

The cladogram w/ the fewest number of evolutionary changes is favored (most simple tree)

22
Q

Monophyletic

A

all members share a common single ancestor not shared w/ other species

23
Q

Polyphyletic

A

Includes some but not all of the groups that have a common ancestor

24
Q

Paraphyletic

A

Groups that do not include the last common ancestor of all members

25
Q

Taxonomic Levels

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

26
Q

Six Kingdom Classification

A

Kingdom Eubacteria (Domain Bacteria)
Kingdom Archaebacteria (Domain Archaea)

Kingdom Protist
Kingdom Fungi (Domain Eukarya)
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia

27
Q

Characteristics of Lycophytes

A
  1. Vascular tissues
  2. Single vein per leaf
  3. Water is necessary for reproduction
  4. Produces spores as output
28
Q

Use Water for fertilization and water for dispersal

A

Charophytes (Protists)

29
Q

use water for fertilization and air for dispersal

A

Bryophytes, lycophytes (vascular plants), Ferns & horsetails (vascular plants)

30
Q

Use Air for fertilization and air for dispersal

A

Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

31
Q
  1. Diploid to Haploid
  2. Haploid to Haploid
  3. Diploid to Diploid
A

1.Meiosis
2. Mitosis
3. Mitosis

32
Q

Sperm + Egg =

A

Diploid Zygote

33
Q
  1. Spores can give rise to________________
  2. Spores can give rise to________________
A
  1. more haploid spores
  2. male or female gametophytes
34
Q

___________ give rise to gametes (egg and sperm)

A

gametophytes

35
Q
  1. Sporophyte=_______ phase
  2. Gametophyte=________ phase
A
  1. Diploid
  2. Haploid
36
Q

In Chara,
1. Antheridium:
2. Oogonium:

A
  1. contain sperm (male)
  2. contain eggs (female)
37
Q

Does the gametophyte or sporophyte photosynthesize?

A

Gametophyte

38
Q

2n; produces sporophyte via mitosis

A

Zygote

39
Q

2n; produces spores via meiosis

A

sporophyte

40
Q

1n; produce male or female gametophytes via mitosis

A

spores

41
Q

protective coating on spore

A

sporopollenin

42
Q

gamete producing structures on gametophyte

A

gametangium

43
Q

In Moss,
1. archegonium is
2. antheridium is

A
  1. female (downward palm)
  2. male (upward palm)
44
Q

Charaophytes
1. Sperm dispersal?
2. Dominant stage?
3. Gamete production?
4. Zygote?
5. Dispersed from parent?

A
  1. water
  2. haploid
  3. on the same structure
  4. diploid
  5. zygote (2n)
45
Q

Byrophytes
1. Sperm dispersal?
2. Dominant stage?
3. Gamete production?
4. Zygote?
5. Dispersed from parent?

A
  1. air
  2. diploid
  3. separate male/female gametophyte
  4. diploid
  5. spores (n)

Bio diversity (4 decks)

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